What Old Testament principle is Paul referencing in 2 Corinthians 13:1? Setting the Scene in Corinth 2 Corinthians 13:1: “This is the third time I am coming to you. ‘Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’” Paul is preparing for another visit to Corinth. Some believers are still resisting correction, so he reminds them of a rule they all know—the biblical demand for multiple witnesses. The Old Testament Bedrock: Two or Three Witnesses • Deuteronomy 19:15: “A single witness shall not suffice to convict a man of any wrongdoing or sin he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.” • Deuteronomy 17:6: “On the testimony of two or three witnesses a man shall be put to death, but he shall not be executed on the testimony of a lone witness.” • Numbers 35:30, echoed throughout the Law, reinforces the same safeguard. These verses form the principle Paul cites—truth is confirmed, and justice upheld, only when at least two credible voices agree. Why God Established the Principle • Protects the innocent from false accusation. • Demands thorough investigation before judgment. • Fosters community responsibility—witnesses understand their words carry weight before God. • Mirrors God’s own unchanging standard of truth: one flawless testimony is enough for Him, but fallen humans need corroboration. How Jesus and the New Testament Apply It • Matthew 18:16: Jesus quotes Deuteronomy when outlining church discipline. • Hebrews 10:28: The writer recalls the Law’s death-penalty cases requiring two or three witnesses. • 1 Timothy 5:19: Church leaders are shielded from frivolous charges unless supported by multiple witnesses. The continuity is clear—Old Testament civil law becomes New Testament church practice. Paul’s Immediate Purpose in Corinth • He has written, sent representatives, and is about to appear in person—three “witnessing” encounters. • Any lingering sin in the fellowship will be confronted with proof, not rumor. • By invoking Scripture’s standard, Paul signals that his coming judgments are neither personal vendetta nor arbitrary authority; they flow from God’s established word. Timeless Lessons for Believers Today • Verify before you vilify—reject gossip that lacks corroboration. • Uphold due process in church discipline, civil life, and family matters. • Recognize the seriousness of serving as a witness; honesty and clarity honor God. • Trust Scripture’s unified voice: Old and New Testaments stand together, revealing God’s consistent concern for truth, justice, and the protection of His people. |
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