What is the definition of white privilege?

1. Introduction to the Term

White privilege is a modern phrase describing societal advantages that people identified as “white” may experience, often without conscious awareness. Sociologists such as Peggy McIntosh have likened it to carrying an “invisible knapsack” of perks not equally available to others. While the concept itself does not appear verbatim in Scripture, the Bible consistently addresses issues of partiality, justice, and the inherent worth of every human being.

2. Historical and Social Contexts

Throughout history, various cultures have conferred advantages on certain groups at the expense of others. In regions influenced by a predominantly European or Anglo heritage, these advantages commonly benefitted those labeled as “white.” This phenomenon can show up in economic, educational, legal, or social realms, making daily life more fluid for those with lighter skin tone.

From a broad human standpoint, archaeology and anthropology support the notion that all people share common ancestry (cf. Acts 17:26: “From one man He made every nation of men to inhabit the whole earth…”). These scientific findings and biblical teachings intersect by pointing to humanity’s unity, even though societies often sinfully create hierarchies of privilege.

3. Biblical Foundations and Avoiding Partiality

The Bible consistently teaches against favoritism and calls for justice, compassion, and equality before God:

• James 2:9: “But if you show favoritism, you sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors.”

• Acts 10:34: “Then Peter began to speak: ‘I now truly understand that God does not show favoritism…’”

• Galatians 3:28: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”

Scripture affirms that all people bear God’s image (Genesis 1:27). Any ideology or social structure that elevates one group over another conflicts with this foundational teaching. Although the label “white privilege” is modern, the underlying issues of partiality and unjust advantage appear in many biblical warnings against oppressing the vulnerable or those perceived as “different” (cf. Zechariah 7:10).

4. Theological Reflections on Privilege

Since all humans share the same Creator, any perceived racial or ethnic gap should be addressed through love, humility, and respect:

• The Bible teaches that every person is of inestimable worth: “God created man in His own image…” (Genesis 1:27).

• The New Testament continually calls believers to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Luke 10:27).

White privilege, then, is a human construct that can be dismantled through consistent application of biblical teaching on neighborly love, unity, and the rejection of favoritism. Believers are reminded to align their perspectives and behaviors with the unifying truth of the gospel, which reconciles every tribe, tongue, and nation (Revelation 7:9).

5. Practical Considerations in Modern Society

In day-to-day life, recognizing the reality of privilege—whether related to skin color or other social factors—can help foster empathy and action:

• Awareness: Understand that some individuals face systematic obstacles. Awareness does not equal guilt for personal choices, but it does promote compassion.

• Repentance: When we discover attitudes or actions of favoritism in our own hearts, we repent and seek alignment with God’s standard of justice (1 John 1:9).

• Advocacy: Employ resources and influence to help correct unfair practices. “Defend the cause of the weak and fatherless; uphold the rights of the afflicted and oppressed” (Psalm 82:3).

6. Unity and Hope in Christ

The resurrection of Jesus Christ (John 20; 1 Corinthians 15) ushers in a new era where believers of all backgrounds are reconciled through the cross. Historical evidence—from both biblical manuscripts and eyewitness accounts—bolsters confidence in the reality of Christ’s resurrection. In this unity, superficial distinctions like skin tone should not lead to social dominance. Instead, those in positions of advantage are encouraged to use their resources for service rather than promotion of self (Matthew 20:26–28).

7. Conclusion

White privilege describes the societal benefits that individuals identified as “white” may enjoy without deliberate effort. Though the term itself is modern, the Bible speaks to the underlying issue of partiality, consistently calling believers toward justice, humility, and recognition of the equal value of every individual created by God.

Careful reflection on Scripture promotes a heart posture that rejects favoritism in any form. As we submit to biblical teaching, we recognize that prejudice and advantage based on skin tone contradict the gospel’s unifying message. By acknowledging this truth and acting in love, the church and society as a whole can mature into a community where every life is truly honored according to God’s design.