What is the significance of Three Kings Day?

Origins and Terminology

Three Kings Day, also known as Epiphany or Theophany in many Christian traditions, commemorates the visit of the Magi to the young Jesus. The term “Three Kings” arises from church tradition that considers these visitors to be both wise men and symbolic kings, though Scripture refers to them as “Magi,” indicating wise scholars or priests from the East. The event is primarily recorded in Matthew 2:1–12, where it is written:

“After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, in the days of King Herod, wise men from the east arrived in Jerusalem, asking, ‘Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him.’” (Matthew 2:1–2)

Biblical Context

The tale of the Magi unfolds shortly after the birth of Jesus. While the traditional nativity scenes often place the Magi at the manger, the biblical narrative suggests that their arrival might have occurred sometime after His birth—up to two years later (Matthew 2:16). The reference to these men coming “from the east” points to regions such as Babylon or Persia, places famous for learned astrologers and scholars who studied the night skies. Many find this historically plausible, given ancient records of astronomers meticulously chronicling celestial events.

Historical and Prophetic Resonance

Several passages in the Hebrew Scriptures anticipate Gentile nations paying homage to the Messiah (Isaiah 60:3). In Matthew’s Gospel, this prophecy is dramatically fulfilled as foreign dignitaries journey to honor Him. Their gifts—gold, frankincense, and myrrh—embody three notable aspects of Jesus’ identity:

• Gold speaks to kingship and Christ’s royal status (cf. Matthew 2:2: “Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews?”).

• Frankincense, a valuable substance used in priestly duties, highlights Jesus’ role as our High Priest, bridging the gap between humanity and God (cf. Hebrews 7:24–26).

• Myrrh, often associated with embalming and burial customs, alludes to His eventual suffering and atoning death (cf. John 19:39).

Significance of the Celebration

Three Kings Day traditionally falls on January 6 in the Western Church (or January 19 in some Eastern rites). It marks the official end of the Christmas season in many Christian communities. The day is significant because:

1. Recognition of the Messiah by the Nations: It celebrates the manifestation of Christ to non-Jewish observers, underscoring that salvation extends to all people (cf. Matthew 28:19).

2. Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecies: Isaiah 60:3 declares, “Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn.” The Magi’s visit is historically understood as a direct fulfillment of such prophecies.

3. Worship of the True King: The Magi bowing to the young Jesus conveys an act of worship to the incarnate Son of God, laying a template for faith that embraces humility and reverence.

Church Tradition and Archaeological Witness

Epiphany observances can be found in early Christian celebrations documented by Church Fathers such as Chrysostom, who wrote sermons acknowledging the revelation of Christ to the nations. In the Basilica of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy (dedicated in the sixth century), mosaics depict the Magi offering their gifts to Mary and the child Jesus—among the earliest artistic testimonies that link these visitors from the East directly with the events recorded in Matthew.

Additionally, varying Christian communities have their own folk customs related to this day:

• In some cultures, children place shoes outside the door, hoping “the kings” will leave small gifts or candy.

• Certain regions celebrate with processions, reenactments of the Magi’s journey, and special pastries symbolizing the unity of families who witness Christ’s light together.

Doctrinal and Devotional Emphasis

On a doctrinal level, Three Kings Day affirms that Jesus is the universal Savior. Romans 3:29 states, “Is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of Gentiles too.” The Magi’s homage provides an early scriptural declaration that Christ’s kingdom is all-encompassing.

Devotionally, Three Kings Day calls believers to respond as the Magi did—with faithful pursuit of Christ and the offering of one’s best gifts. Their long journey testifies to unwavering commitment, while their readiness to worship highlights both the privilege and responsibility of every person to seek and adore the Lord.

Cultural and Seasonal Observance

Many traditions see this feast as the close of Christmas, reflecting on the Nativity and culminating with the acknowledgment that Jesus is for the whole world. Early Christian communities set similar feast days to mark essential theological truths—the revelation and worship of the incarnate Word being one of them. In some Christian calendars, Epiphany includes remembering Jesus’ baptism, further underscoring the theme of revelation and divine manifestation.

Practical Application and Reflection

1. Celebration of Mercy: The arrival of the Magi underscores God’s outreach to all nations. This message fosters humility and gratitude, reminding individuals to share the good news of salvation.

2. Offering Our Best: Modern-day learners can model the Magi by surrendering their resources, talents, and hearts to God’s service, recognizing that Christ alone is worthy of worship.

3. Community and Fellowship: Many church communities gather for communal worship, reflecting on the unity of believers across cultural lines, as exemplified in the Magi’s recognition of the Messiah.

Conclusion

Three Kings Day stands as a vibrant remembrance of how Jesus’ birth was not a localized event but marked the dawning of a global kingdom. The Magi’s homage encapsulates faith in action, fulfilling ancient prophecy, and echoing throughout Christian tradition. Even today, the celebration invites all to worship and honor the King who came to redeem and reign over every people, tribe, language, and nation.