Numbers 31:15–16: Why is Balaam’s influence singled out as the sole reason for divine judgment on Midian, given previous chapters mention other deeds?

Numbers 31:32–35: Is there any historical or archaeological evidence supporting the capture of such a large number of Midianite captives?

Numbers 31:28–30: How does distributing people as spoils align with the broader biblical theme of human worth?

Numbers 31 compared to earlier laws in Exodus and Leviticus: Why does this narrative’s approach to warfare seem inconsistent with other divine commandments?

1. What does Numbers 31 teach us about obedience to God's commandments?

2. How does this chapter demonstrate God's justice? Do you find it challenging to reconcile this narrative with the notion of a loving God? Why or why not?

3. What do you think about the Israelites' actions towards the Midianites? How would you have handled this situation if you were in Moses' position?

4. Discuss the concept of ritual purity after war as shown in this chapter. How does this relate to our modern concepts of cleansing or catharsis after traumatic events?

5. How does the division of spoils highlight the social and spiritual hierarchy among the Israelites?

6. How does Moses' leadership influence the events of this chapter? Do you see any modern parallels in your community or country's leadership?

7. How can we apply the lessons from the offering of tribute in our lives?

8. How does this chapter challenge our understanding of atonement and forgiveness?

9. How might the events of this chapter impact the younger generation of Israelites, especially the women?

10. If you were in the place of the Israelite soldiers, how would you feel about the commands given by Moses?

11. How do we reconcile the harsh realities of war with the pursuit of peace in our world today?

12. What does this chapter teach about responsibility and accountability in leadership roles?

13. In today's context, how can we practice 'giving tribute' or showing gratitude?

14. How does the intensity of the purification rituals reflect the seriousness of sin in the eyes of God?

15. How do you understand God's command to 'avenge the Israelites' in the context of New Testament teachings about love and forgiveness?

16. Do you agree with the way the plunder was divided among the Israelites? How would you have divided it?

17. How does Eleazar's role in this chapter underline the importance of spiritual guidance in times of conflict?

18. What lessons can we draw from the Israelites' handling of war and its aftermath in our approach to conflict and resolution today?

19. In the light of this chapter, how do you understand the role of women in the Bible?

20. Given the violent events of this chapter, how does it influence your understanding of the Israelites' journey to the Promised Land?