2 Corinthians 3:3
It is clear that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts.
It is clear that you are a letter from Christ
This phrase emphasizes the visible transformation in the lives of the Corinthian believers, serving as a testament to Christ's work. In the ancient world, letters were a primary means of communication, and here, the believers themselves are depicted as a living letter, showcasing the message of Christ. This metaphor highlights the personal and relational nature of the gospel, contrasting with the impersonal nature of written documents. The idea of believers as a letter from Christ underscores the authenticity and divine origin of their faith, as seen in other scriptures like 1 Thessalonians 1:8-9, where the faith of the Thessalonians is known everywhere.

the result of our ministry
Paul refers to the ministry he and his companions conducted in Corinth, which was marked by preaching, teaching, and personal discipleship. This ministry was not just about words but about the power of the Holy Spirit working through them, as seen in 1 Corinthians 2:4-5. The transformation of the Corinthians is evidence of the effectiveness of Paul's apostolic mission, aligning with the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19-20, where Jesus commands His followers to make disciples of all nations.

written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God
This contrast between ink and the Spirit highlights the superiority of the new covenant over the old. Ink represents the old way of the law, which was external and written on scrolls or tablets. The Spirit of the living God signifies the new covenant, which is internal and transformative, as prophesied in Jeremiah 31:33, where God promises to write His law on the hearts of His people. This internalization of God's law is a key aspect of the new covenant, fulfilled through the work of the Holy Spirit.

not on tablets of stone
This phrase alludes to the Mosaic Law, which was given on stone tablets (Exodus 31:18). The stone tablets symbolize the old covenant, which was external and could not change the heart. The law served as a tutor to lead people to Christ (Galatians 3:24), revealing sin but not providing the power to overcome it. The reference to stone tablets also recalls the giving of the Ten Commandments, a foundational moment in Israel's history, emphasizing the shift from the old covenant to the new.

but on tablets of human hearts
The imagery of writing on human hearts signifies the intimate and transformative work of the Holy Spirit in believers' lives. This fulfills the prophecy in Ezekiel 36:26-27, where God promises to give His people a new heart and put a new spirit within them. The heart, in biblical terms, represents the center of a person's being, including their will, emotions, and intellect. The transformation of the heart is a hallmark of the new covenant, made possible through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, who enables believers to live in obedience to God through the indwelling Spirit.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Paul the Apostle
The author of 2 Corinthians, addressing the church in Corinth, emphasizing the spiritual transformation of believers.

2. The Corinthian Church
The recipients of the letter, representing the early Christian community in Corinth, known for its diversity and challenges.

3. Christ
Central to the message, as the one who transforms believers into living letters through the Spirit.

4. The Spirit of the Living God
The divine agent who writes on the hearts of believers, signifying the new covenant.

5. Tablets of Stone
Refers to the Old Covenant, specifically the Ten Commandments given to Moses, contrasting with the new covenant written on hearts.
Teaching Points
The Living Letter of Christ
Believers are living testimonies of Christ's work, reflecting His character and message to the world.

The Role of the Holy Spirit
The transformation of the heart is a work of the Holy Spirit, not human effort, emphasizing reliance on divine power.

The New Covenant
The shift from external adherence to internal transformation marks the new covenant, inviting believers to a deeper relationship with God.

Heart Transformation
True change begins in the heart, where God's Spirit writes His laws, leading to genuine obedience and love.

Ministry as a Partnership with God
Paul’s ministry serves as a conduit for God’s work, reminding believers of their role in partnering with God to impact others.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding yourself as a "letter from Christ" influence your daily interactions and witness to others?

2. In what ways can you rely more on the Holy Spirit to transform your heart and life, rather than on your own efforts?

3. How does the concept of the new covenant, written on your heart, change your perspective on obedience and relationship with God?

4. Reflect on a time when you experienced a significant heart transformation. How did this align with the work of the Spirit as described in 2 Corinthians 3:3?

5. How can you actively participate in God’s ministry, allowing Him to use you as a living letter to those around you? Consider connections to other scriptures that speak about being a light or witness.
Connections to Other Scriptures
Jeremiah 31:33
This Old Testament prophecy speaks of God writing His law on the hearts of His people, which Paul echoes in describing the new covenant.

Ezekiel 36:26-27
God promises to give a new heart and spirit, aligning with Paul's message of transformation by the Spirit.

Hebrews 8:10
Reiterates the concept of the law being written on hearts, emphasizing the internalization of God's will.

Exodus 31:18
Describes the giving of the tablets of stone, highlighting the contrast between the old and new covenants.
Epistles of ChristJ.R. Thomson 2 Corinthians 3:3
The Christ-LetterE. Hurndall 2 Corinthians 3:3
The Best CommendationR. Tuck 2 Corinthians 3:1-3
A Pastor's ClaimS. Martin, D. D.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
An Epistle of ChristS. S. Chronicle2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Epistles of ChristW. Grant.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Epistles of ChristW. Arnot, D. D.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Epistles of Christ: Imperfect and SpuriousS. Coley.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Living EpistlesB. Kent, M. A.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Living Epistles of ChristC. New.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Paul's Testimonials; Their PublicityJ. Denney, B. D.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Sacred PenmanshipCharles Spurgeon.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
Soul LiteratureD. Thomas, D. D.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
The Epistle of ChristT. Hughes.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
The Epistle of ChristJ. Bogue, M. A.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
The Living EpistleCanon Garbett.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
The Posted System in its Beneficent and Religious AspectDean Vaughan.2 Corinthians 3:1-5
No Letters of Commendation Needed; His Converts Were EpistlesC. Lipscomb 2 Corinthians 3:1-6
A Living LetterD. Fraser 2 Corinthians 3:2-3
People
Corinthians, Israelites, Paul
Places
Achaia, Corinth
Topics
Christ, Flesh, Hearts, Human, Ink, Letter, Manifest, Ministry, Result, Revealed, Served, Spirit, Stone, Tablets, Written
Dictionary of Bible Themes
2 Corinthians 3:3

     1080   God, living
     1352   covenant, the new
     3015   Holy Spirit, divinity
     3035   Holy Spirit, presence of
     3040   Holy Spirit, promise of
     3110   Holy Spirit, titles of
     5110   Paul, teaching of
     5574   tablet
     6661   freedom, and law
     7026   church, leadership

2 Corinthians 3:1-3

     5776   achievement

2 Corinthians 3:2-3

     8105   assurance, basis of

2 Corinthians 3:3-6

     5381   law, letter and spirit

Library
Twelfth Sunday after Trinity Gospel Transcends Law.
Text: 2 Corinthians 3, 4-11. 4 And such confidence have we through Christ to God-ward: 5 not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to account anything as from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God; 6 who also made us sufficient as ministers of a new covenant; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life. 7 But if the ministration of death, written, and engraven on stones, came with glory, so that the children of Israel could not look stedfastly upon
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

Transformation by Beholding
'We all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image.'--2 COR. iii. 18. This whole section of the Epistle in which our text occurs is a remarkable instance of the fervid richness of the Apostle's mind, which acquires force by motion, and, like a chariot-wheel, catches fire as it revolves. One of the most obvious peculiarities of his style is his habit of 'going off at a word.' Each thought is, as it were, barbed all round, and catches and draws into
Alexander Maclaren—Romans, Corinthians (To II Corinthians, Chap. V)

Spiritual Liberty
Liberty is the heirloom of all the sons and daughters of Adam. But where do you find liberty unaccompanied by religion? True it is that all men have a right to liberty, but it is equally true that you do not meet it in any country save where you find the Spirit of the Lord. "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." Thank God, this is a free country. This is a land where I can breathe the air and say it is untainted by the groan of a single slave; my lungs receive it, and I know there has
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 1: 1855

The Letter and the Spirit
(Twelfth Sunday after Trinity.) II COR. iii. 6. God, who hath made us able ministers of the New Testament; not of the letter, but of the Spirit: for the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth life. When we look at the Collect, Epistle, and Gospel for to-day one after the other, we do not see, perhaps, what they have to do with each other. But they have to do with each other. They agree with each other. They explain each other. They all three tell us what God is like, and what we are to believe
Charles Kingsley—The Good News of God

Sermon for the Twelfth Sunday after Trinity
(From the Epistle for the day) Teaching us that we ought to receive God, in all His gifts, and in all His burdens, with true long-suffering. 2 Cor. iii. 6.--"The letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life." THERE are two sorts of men among God's friends; those of the Old Testament, and those of the New. All the men who should be saved before the birth of Christ had to observe the old dispensation with all its rites, until the new dispensation came with its laws and its rites. The old law served as
Susannah Winkworth—The History and Life of the Reverend Doctor John Tauler

How to Become Like Christ.
"But we all, with unveiled face reflecting as a mirror the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord."--2 COR. iii. 18 (Revised Version). I suppose there is almost no one who would deny, if it were put to him, that the greatest possible attainment a man can make in this world is likeness to The Lord Jesus Christ. Certainly no one would deny that there is nothing but character that we can carry out of life with us, and that our prospect
Marcus Dods—How to become like Christ

That the Body and Blood of Christ and the Holy Scriptures are Most Necessary to a Faithful Soul
The Voice of the Disciple O most sweet Lord Jesus, how great is the blessedness of the devout soul that feedeth with Thee in Thy banquet, where there is set before it no other food than Thyself its only Beloved, more to be desired than all the desires of the heart? And to me it would verily be sweet to pour forth my tears in Thy presence from the very bottom of my heart, and with the pious Magdalene to water Thy feet with my tears. But where is this devotion? Where the abundant flowing of holy
Thomas A Kempis—Imitation of Christ

The Ministry of the New Covenant
"Ye are our epistle, written in our hearts, known and read of all men; being made manifest that ye are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God: not in tables of stone, but in tables that are hearts of flesh. And such confidence have we through Christ Godward: not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to account anything as from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God: who also made us sufficient as ministers of a new covenant; not of the
Andrew Murray—The Two Covenants

The New Covenant: a Ministration of the Spirit
"Ye are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not on tables of stone, but on tables that are hearts of flesh . . . Our sufficiency is of God; who also made us sufficient as ministers of the New Covenant; not of the letter, but of the Spirit: for the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth life. For if the ministration of death came with glory, how shall not rather the ministration of the Spirit be with glory? For if the ministration of
Andrew Murray—The Two Covenants

General Notes by the American Editor
1. The whole subject of the Apocalypse is so treated, [2318] in the Speaker's Commentary, as to elucidate many questions suggested by the primitive commentators of this series, and to furnish the latest judgments of critics on the subject. It is so immense a matter, however, as to render annotations on patristic specialties impossible in a work like this. Every reader must feel how apposite is the sententious saying of Augustine: "Apocalypsis Joannis tot sacramenta quot verba." 2. The seven spirits,
Victorinus—Commentary on the Apocolypse of the Blessed John

Let not Country Presbyters Give Letters Canonical, or Let them Send Such Letters Only To...
Let not country presbyters give letters canonical, or let them send such letters only to the neighbouring bishops. But the chorepiscopi of good report may give letters pacifical. Notes. Ancient Epitome of Canon VIII. A country presbyter is not to give canonical letters, or [at most] only to a neighbouring bishop. These "letters canonical" were called in the West letters "formatæ," and no greater proof of the great influence they had in the early days of the Church in binding the faithful together
Philip Schaff—The Seven Ecumenical Councils

Note F. Note from Bengel on Rom. I. 4.
According to the Spirit of Holiness. The word hagios, holy, when God is spoken of, not only denotes the blameless rectitude in action, but the very Godhead, or to speak more properly, the divinity, or excellence of the Divine nature. Hence hagiosune (the word here used) has a kind of middle sense between hagiotes, holiness, and hagiasmos, sanctification. Comp. Heb. xii. 10 (hagiotes or holiness), v. 14 (hagiasmos or sanctification). So that there are, as it were, three degrees: sanctification,
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

The Authority and Utility of the Scriptures
2 Tim. iii. 16.--"All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness." We told you that there was nothing more necessary to know than what our end is, and what the way is that leads to that end. We see the most part of men walking at random,--running an uncertain race,--because they do not propose unto themselves a certain scope to aim at, and whither to direct their whole course. According to men's particular
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Of the Effects of those Prerogatives.
From these prerogatives there will arise to the elect in heaven, five notable effects:-- 1. They shall know God with a perfect knowledge (1 Cor. i. 10), so far as creatures can possibly comprehend the Creator. For there we shall see the Word, the Creator; and in the Word, all creatures that by the Word were created; so that we shall not need to learn (of the things which were made) the knowledge of him by whom all things were made. The most excellent creatures in this life, are but as a dark veil
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Two Covenants: the Transition
"Now the God of peace, who brought again from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep, in the blood of the everlasting covenant, even our Lord Jesus, make you perfect in every good thing to do His will, working in us that which is well-pleasing in His sight, through Jesus Christ."--HEB. xiii. 20, 21. THE transition from the Old Covenant to the New was not slow or gradual, but by a tremendous crisis. Nothing less than the death of Christ was the close of the Old. Nothing less than His resurrection
Andrew Murray—The Two Covenants

The Image of God in Man.
"As we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly."--1 Cor. xv. 49. One more point remains to be discussed, viz., whether the divine image refers to the image of Christ. This singular opinion has found many warm defenders in the Church from the beginning. It originated with Origen, who with his brilliant, fascinating, and seducing heresies has unsettled many things in the Church; and his heresy in this respect has found many defenders both East and West. Even
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

The Holy Scripture.
"All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works."-- 2 Tim iii. 16, 17. Among the divine works of art produced by the Holy Spirit, the Sacred Scripture stands first. It may seem incredible that the printed pages of a book should excel His spiritual work in human hearts, yet we assign to the Sacred scripture the most conspicuous place
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

The Bible in the Days of Jesus Christ
[Illustration: (drop cap S) Reading from a Roll--old Roman Painting] Slowly but surely, as time went on, God was adding to His Book, until about four hundred years before the birth of Jesus Christ the Old Testament Scriptures, in their present shape, were completed. Many questions have been asked as to how the canon of the Old Testament was formed--that is, how and when did the Jews first begin to understand that the Books of the Old Testament were inspired by God. About the first five Books--the
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

Faith an Assurance and a Proof.
"Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the proving of things not seen. For therein the elders had witness borne to them. By faith we understand that the worlds have been framed by the word of God, so that what is seen hath not been made out of things which do appear."--HEB. xi. 1-3 (R.V.). It is often said that one of the greatest difficulties in the Epistle to the Hebrews is to discover any real connection of ideas between the author's general purpose in the previous discussion and the
Thomas Charles Edwards—The Expositor's Bible: The Epistle to the Hebrews

The Unsatisfied Life and Its Remedy
Cant. i. 2-ii. 7 There is no difficulty in recognizing the bride as the speaker in verses 2-7. The words are not those of one dead in trespasses and sins, to whom the LORD is as a root out of a dry ground--without form and comeliness. The speaker has had her eyes opened to behold His beauty, and longs for a fuller enjoyment of His love. Let Him kiss me with the kisses of His mouth: For Thy love [1] is better than wine. It is well that it should be so; it marks a distinct stage in the development
J. Hudson Taylor—Union and Communion

How those who Fear Scourges and those who Contemn them are to be Admonished.
(Admonition 14.) Differently to be admonished are those who fear scourges, and on that account live innocently, and those who have grown so hard in wickedness as not to be corrected even by scourges. For those who fear scourges are to be told by no means to desire temporal goods as being of great account, seeing that bad men also have them, and by no means to shun present evils as intolerable, seeing they are not ignorant how for the most part good men also are touched by them. They are to be admonished
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Blessed and Tragic Unconsciousness
'... Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with Him.'--EXODUS xxxiv. 29. '... And Samson wist not that the Lord had departed from him.'--JUDGES xvi. 20. The recurrence of the same phrase in two such opposite connections is very striking. Moses, fresh from the mountain of vision, where he had gazed on as much of the glory of God as was accessible to man, caught some gleam of the light which he adoringly beheld; and a strange radiance sat on his face, unseen by himself, but
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Of the Necessity of Divine Influences to Produce Regeneration in the Soul.
Titus iii. 5, 6. Titus iii. 5, 6. Not by works of righteousness, which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; which he shed on us abundantly, through Jesus Christ our Saviour. IF my business were to explain and illustrate this scripture at large, it would yield an ample field for accurate criticism and useful discourse, and more especially would lead us into a variety of practical remarks, on which it would be pleasant
Philip Doddridge—Practical Discourses on Regeneration

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