◄ Deuteronomy 18:3 ►
This shall be the priests' share from the people who offer a sacrifice, whether a bull or a sheep: the priests are to be given the shoulder, the jowls, and the stomach.
Study Bible
This shall be the priests’ share from the people who offer a sacrifice,

In ancient Israel, the priesthood was established to mediate between God and the people. The priests, primarily from the tribe of Levi, were not given a territorial inheritance like the other tribes. Instead, they were supported through the offerings and sacrifices of the people. This provision ensured that the priests could focus on their spiritual duties without the burden of agricultural labor. The concept of sharing offerings with the priests underscores the communal responsibility to support those who serve in spiritual roles, a principle echoed in the New Testament (1 Corinthians 9:13-14).

Lev 7:31-34 The priest is to burn the fat on the altar…
Num 18:8-11 Then the LORD said to Aaron, “Behold, I have put you…

whether a bull or a sheep:

The mention of both bulls and sheep indicates the inclusivity of the sacrificial system, accommodating offerings from both wealthier individuals (who could afford bulls) and those of more modest means (who might offer sheep). This reflects the broader biblical principle that God values the heart behind the offering more than the material value (Mark 12:41-44). The sacrificial system was central to Israelite worship, symbolizing atonement and dedication to God.

Lev 3:1-6 If one’s offering is a peace offering…
Lev 22:21-23 When a man presents a peace offering to the LORD…

the priests are to be given the shoulder, the jowls, and the stomach.

The specific portions allocated to the priests—the shoulder, jowls, and stomach—were considered choice parts of the animal. This allocation not only provided sustenance but also honored the priests' role in the sacrificial process. The shoulder, often associated with strength, may symbolize the support and strength the priests provided to the community. The jowls and stomach, while less commonly mentioned, were still valuable parts, indicating that the priests were to receive a fair and honorable share. This practice highlights the importance of respecting and providing for those who serve in spiritual leadership, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture (1 Timothy 5:17-18).

Exo 29:22-28 Take the fat from the ram, the fat tail,…
Num 18:18-19 And their meat belongs to you, just as the breast…
1Sa 9:23-24 And Samuel said to the cook, “Bring the portion I gave you…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Priests
The Levitical priests were responsible for the spiritual leadership and religious duties of Israel. They were set apart to serve God and the community, and they relied on the offerings of the people for their sustenance.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel, who were commanded to bring sacrifices to God. These offerings were a part of their covenant relationship with God and a means of worship and atonement.

3. Sacrifices
The offerings made by the Israelites, which included animals such as oxen and sheep. These sacrifices were central to the worship practices of ancient Israel.

4. The Promised Land
The context of Deuteronomy is Moses' address to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land, emphasizing the need for obedience and proper worship.

5. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who delivered God's laws and instructions, including those concerning the priests' share of the sacrifices.
Teaching Points
Provision for Spiritual Leaders
The passage highlights God's provision for those who serve Him full-time. Just as the priests were supported by the offerings of the people, modern-day spiritual leaders are often supported by the tithes and offerings of the congregation.

Principle of Giving
The Israelites were commanded to give specific portions of their sacrifices to the priests. This teaches the principle of giving back to God and supporting His work, which is applicable to Christians today in supporting their local church and ministries.

Obedience in Worship
The detailed instructions for sacrifices and the priests' share underscore the importance of obedience in worship. God desires that His people follow His commands precisely, reflecting a heart of reverence and submission.

Community and Worship
The system of sacrifices and priestly support fostered a sense of community among the Israelites. It reminds us of the importance of communal worship and supporting one another in our faith journeys.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the provision for the priests in Deuteronomy 18:3 reflect God's care for those who serve Him? How can this principle be applied in today's church context?

2. In what ways does the principle of giving in Deuteronomy 18:3 challenge your current approach to tithing and offerings?

3. How does understanding the role of the priests in ancient Israel enhance your appreciation for spiritual leadership in the church today?

4. What are some practical ways you can support your local church and its leaders, drawing from the principles found in Deuteronomy 18:3?

5. How does the concept of obedience in worship, as seen in the detailed instructions for sacrifices, apply to your personal worship practices today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 7:28-36
This passage provides further details on the portions of sacrifices allocated to the priests, emphasizing the provision for those who serve in the temple.

1 Corinthians 9:13-14
Paul references the principle of those who preach the gospel receiving their living from the gospel, drawing a parallel to the Old Testament provision for priests.

Hebrews 7:5
Discusses the Levitical priesthood and their right to receive tithes, connecting the Old Testament practices to the New Testament understanding of priesthood.
Sermons
God's Provision for the Priests and LevitesR.M. Edgar Deuteronomy 18:1-8
The True Priest is the Highest Type of ManD. Davies Deuteronomy 18:1-8
People
Levi, Levites, Moses
Places
Beth-baal-peor, Horeb
Topics
Bull, Cheeks, Due, Either, Inner, Jawbones, Jowls, Leg, Maw, Offer, Offering, Ox, Priest, Priests, Priest's, Sacrifice, Sacrificing, Sheep, Shoulder, Sides, Stomach, Whether
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Deuteronomy 18:1-5

     4442   firstfruits

Deuteronomy 18:3-4

     4684   sheep

Deuteronomy 18:3-5

     6641   election, responsibilities

Library
Prophets and the Prophet
'When thou art come into the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not learn to do after the abominations of those nations. 10. There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, 11. Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer. 12. For all that do these things are an abomination unto the Lord: and because of these …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Moses the Type of Christ.
"The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto Him ye shall hearken."--Deut. xviii. 15. The history of Moses is valuable to Christians, not only as giving us a pattern of fidelity towards God, of great firmness, and great meekness, but also as affording us a type or figure of our Saviour Christ. No prophet arose in Israel like Moses, till Christ came, when the promise in the text was fulfilled--"The Lord thy God," says Moses, "shall …
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VII

Appendix xiv. The Law in Messianic Times.
THE question as to the Rabbinic views in regard to the binding character of the Law, and its imposition on the Gentiles, in Messianic times, although, strictly speaking, not forming part of this history, is of such vital importance in connection with recent controversies as to demand special consideration. In the text to which this Appendix refers it has been indicated, that a new legislation was expected in Messianic days. The ultimate basis of this expectancy must be sought in the Old Testament …
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Christ's Prophetic Office
'The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet,' &c. Deut 18:85. Having spoken of the person of Christ, we are next to speak of the offices of Christ. These are Prophetic, Priestly, and Regal. 'The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet.' Enunciatur hic locus de Christo. It is spoken of Christ.' There are several names given to Christ as a Prophet. He is called the Counsellor' in Isa 9:9. In uno Christo Angelus foederis completur [The Messenger of the Covenant appears in Christ alone]. …
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

The Inheritance
Gerhard Ter Steegen Deut. xviii. 1, 2 Am I not enough, Mine own? enough, Mine own, for thee? Hath the world its palace towers, Garden glades of magic flowers, Where thou fain wouldst be? Fair things and false are there, False things but fair. All shalt thou find at last, Only in Me. Am I not enough, Mine own? I, for ever and alone, I, needing thee? …
Frances Bevan—Hymns of Ter Steegen, Suso, and Others

Meditations of the True Manner of Practising Piety on the Sabbath-Day.
Almighty God will have himself worshipped, not only in a private manner by private persons and families, but also in a more public sort, of all the godly joined together in a visible church; that by this means he may be known not only to be the God and Lord of every Singular person, but also of the creatures of the whole universal world. Question--But why do not we Christians under the New, keep the Sabbath on the same seventh day on which it was kept under the Old Testament? I answer--Because our …
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

God's Last Arrow
'Having yet therefore one son, his well-beloved, he sent him also last unto them.'--Mark xii. 6. Reference to Isaiah v. There are differences in detail here which need not trouble us. Isaiah's parable is a review of the theocratic history of Israel, and clearly the messengers are the prophets; here Christ speaks of Himself and His own mission to Israel, and goes on to tell of His death as already accomplished. I. The Son who follows and surpasses the servants. (a) Our Lord here places Himself in …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The First Disciples
John i. 19 TO ii. 12 97. After the withdrawal of Jesus into the wilderness, John the Baptist continued his ministry of preaching and baptizing, moving northward up the Jordan valley to Bethany, on the eastern side of the river, near one of the fords below the Sea of Galilee (John i. 28). Here Galilee, doubtless, contributed more to his audience than Judea. It is certain that some from the borders of the lake were at this time among his constant attendants: Andrew and Simon of Bethsaida, John the …
Rush Rhees—The Life of Jesus of Nazareth

Humility is the Root of Charity, and Meekness the Fruit of Both. ...
Humility is the root of charity, and meekness the fruit of both. There is no solid and pure ground of love to others, except the rubbish of self-love be first cast out of the soul; and when that superfluity of naughtiness is cast out, then charity hath a solid and deep foundation: "The end of the command is charity out of a pure heart," 1 Tim. i. 5. It is only such a purified heart, cleansed from that poison and contagion of pride and self-estimation, that can send out such a sweet and wholesome …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Twofold Testimony of John - the First Sabbath of Jesus's Ministry - the First Sunday - the First Disciples.
THE forty days, which had passed since Jesus had first come to him, must have been to the Baptist a time of soul-quickening, of unfolding understanding, and of ripened decision. We see it in his more emphasised testimony to the Christ; in his fuller comprehension of those prophecies which had formed the warrant and substance of his Mission; but specially in the yet more entire self-abnegation, which led him to take up a still lowlier position, and acquiescingly to realise that his task of heralding …
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Not that Light, but a Witness.
(John I. 8.) "Nothing resting in its own completeness Can have worth or beauty; but alone Because it leads and tends to farther sweetness, Fuller, higher, deeper than its own. "Spring's real glory dwells not in the meaning, Gracious though it be, of her blue hours; But is hidden in her tender leaning To the summer's richer wealth of flowers." A. A. PROCTOR. Resentment of the Sanhedrim--The Baptist's Credentials--Spiritual Vision--"Behold the Lamb of God"--The Baptism of the Spirit The baptism and …
F. B. Meyer—John the Baptist

Messiah's Entrance into Jerusalem
Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: He is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass. -- And He shall speak peace unto the heathen. T he narrowness and littleness of the mind of fallen man are sufficiently conspicuous in the idea he forms of magnificence and grandeur. The pageantry and parade of a Roman triumph, or of an eastern monarch, as described in history, exhibit him to us …
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

More Particularly, in what Respect Christ is Called the Truth.
But for further explaining of this matter, we would see more particularly, in what respects it is, that he is called the truth; and this will make way to our use-making of him. So, First, He is the Truth, in opposition to the shadows and types of him, under the law. Hence, as "the law," the whole Levitical and typical dispensation, "came by Moses, so grace and truth came by Jesus Christ," John i. 17. They were all shadows of him, and he is the substance and body of them all, Col. ii. 17; and this …
John Brown (of Wamphray)—Christ The Way, The Truth, and The Life

The Messianic Prophecies in the Pentateuch.
In the Messianic prophecies contained in Genesis we cannot fail to perceive a remarkable progress in clearness and definiteness. The first Messianic prediction, which was uttered immediately after the fall of Adam, is also the most indefinite. Opposed to the awful threatening there stands the consolatory promise, that the dominion of sin, and of the evil arising from sin, shall not last for ever, but that the seed of the woman shall, at some future time, overthrow their dreaded conqueror. With the …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

First Withdrawal from Herod's Territory and Return.
(Spring, a.d. 29.) Subdivision B. Feeding the Five Thousand. ^A Matt. XIV. 13-21; ^B Mark VI. 33-44; ^C Luke IX. 11-17; ^D John VI. 2-14. ^c 11 But { ^a and} the multitudes heard thereof [heard of Jesus and his disciples crossing the lake], ^b 33 And they saw them going, and ^c perceiving it, ^b many knew them, ^d 2 And a great multitude followed him, because they beheld the signs which he did on them that were sick. ^b and they ran together there on foot from all the cities, and outwent them. ^a …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Plan for the Coming of Jesus.
God's Darling, Psalms 8:5-8.--the plan for the new man--the Hebrew picture by itself--difference between God's plan and actual events--one purpose through breaking plans--the original plan--a starting point--getting inside. Fastening a Tether inside: the longest way around--the pedigree--the start. First Touches on the Canvas: the first touch, Genesis 3:15.--three groups of prediction--first group: to Abraham, Genesis 12:1-3; to Isaac, Genesis 26:1-5; to Jacob, Genesis 28:10-15; through Jacob, …
S. D. Gordon—Quiet Talks about Jesus

Balaam's Prophecy. (Numb. xxiv. 17-19. )
Carried by the Spirit into the far distant future, Balaam sees here how a star goeth out of Jacob and a sceptre riseth out of Israel, and how this sceptre smiteth Moab, by whose enmity the Seer had been brought from a distant region for the destruction of Israel. And not Moab only shall be smitten, but its southern neighbour, Edom, too shall be subdued, whose hatred against Israel had already been prefigured in its ancestor, and had now begun to display Itself; and In general, all the enemies of …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

In the Temple at the Feast of Tabernacles.
(October, a.d. 29.) ^D John VII. 11-52. ^d 11 The Jews therefore sought him at the feast, and said, Where is he? [It was now eighteen months since Jesus had visited Jerusalem, at which time he had healed the impotent man at Bethesda. His fame and prolonged obscurity made his enemies anxious for him to again expose himself in their midst. John here used the word "Jews" as a designation for the Jerusalemites, who, as enemies of Christ, were to be distinguished from the multitudes who were in doubt …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

John's First Testimony to Jesus.
(Bethany Beyond Jordan, February, a.d. 27.) ^D John I. 19-34. ^d 19 And this is the witness of John [John had been sent to testify, "and" this is the matter of his testimony], when the Jews [The term "Jews" is used seventy times by John to describe the ruling classes of Judæa] sent unto him [In thus sending an embassy they honored John more than they ever honored Christ. They looked upon John as a priest and Judæan, but upon Jesus as a carpenter and Galilæan. It is probable that …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Formation of the Old Testament Canon
[Sidenote: Israel's literature at the beginning of the fourth century before Christ] Could we have studied the scriptures of the Israelitish race about 400 B.C., we should have classified them under four great divisions: (1) The prophetic writings, represented by the combined early Judean, Ephraimite, and late prophetic or Deuteronomic narratives, and their continuation in Samuel and Kings, together with the earlier and exilic prophecies; (2) the legal, represented by the majority of the Old Testament …
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

The Angel of the Lord in the Pentateuch, and the Book of Joshua.
The New Testament distinguishes between the hidden God and the revealed God--the Son or Logos--who is connected with the former by oneness of nature, and who from everlasting, and even at the creation itself, filled up the immeasurable distance between the Creator and the creation;--who has been the Mediator in all God's relations to the world;--who at all times, and even before He became man in Christ, has been the light of [Pg 116] the world,--and to whom, specially, was committed the direction …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

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