Exodus 39:14

The twelve stones corresponded to the names of the sons of Israel. Each stone was engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.

Study Bible

The twelve stones
The twelve stones are significant as they represent the twelve tribes of Israel, each tribe descending from one of the sons of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel. In Hebrew, the word for stone is "אֶבֶן" (even), which often symbolizes strength and permanence. The use of stones in the priestly garments underscores the enduring covenant between God and His people. Archaeologically, stones were commonly used in ancient Near Eastern cultures for memorials and significant religious artifacts, emphasizing their importance in both spiritual and cultural contexts.

corresponded to the names
The correspondence of the stones to the names of the sons of Israel highlights the personal and intimate relationship God has with His people. Each stone bearing a name signifies individual recognition and value within the collective identity of Israel. In Hebrew culture, names carry deep significance, often reflecting character or destiny. This personal connection is a reminder of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and His faithfulness to their descendants.

of the sons of Israel
The phrase "sons of Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, who was renamed Israel after wrestling with God (Genesis 32:28). This name change signifies a transformation and a new identity as a nation chosen by God. The sons of Israel are the patriarchs of the twelve tribes, each playing a unique role in the unfolding narrative of God's redemptive plan. Historically, the tribes formed the foundation of the nation of Israel, each with distinct roles and territories.

Each stone was engraved like a seal
Engraving the stones "like a seal" suggests permanence and authority. In ancient times, seals were used to authenticate documents and signify ownership or identity. The Hebrew word for seal, "חוֹתָם" (chotam), conveys the idea of something that is secure and unchangeable. This imagery reinforces the idea that the tribes of Israel are permanently inscribed in God's plan and purpose. The engraving also symbolizes the priestly role of representing the people before God, as the high priest bore these stones on the breastplate over his heart.

with one of the names of the twelve tribes
The mention of "the twelve tribes" emphasizes the unity and diversity within the nation of Israel. Each tribe had its own unique characteristics and roles, yet together they formed a single nation under God's covenant. The number twelve is often associated with divine government and order in the Bible, reflecting the structured and purposeful nature of God's relationship with His people. Scripturally, the twelve tribes are a recurring theme, representing the fullness of God's promise and the foundation of His chosen people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Sons of Israel
These are the twelve sons of Jacob, whose descendants became the twelve tribes of Israel. Each tribe had a unique identity and role within the nation of Israel.

2. The High Priest's Breastplate
This was a sacred garment worn by the high priest, featuring twelve stones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel. It was part of the priestly garments described in Exodus.

3. The Tabernacle
The context of this passage is the construction of the Tabernacle, a portable dwelling place for the presence of God among His people during their journey in the wilderness.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of the Stones
Each stone on the breastplate symbolized a tribe, emphasizing the importance of each tribe in God's plan. This reminds us that every believer has a unique role in the body of Christ.

God's Faithfulness
The engraving of the names signifies God's enduring covenant with Israel. It reassures us of God's faithfulness to His promises.

Unity in Diversity
The twelve stones, though different, were part of one breastplate. This illustrates the unity and diversity within the body of Christ, where each member is distinct yet integral.

Intercession and Representation
The high priest bore the names of the tribes before God, symbolizing intercession. This foreshadows Christ's role as our High Priest, who intercedes for us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the symbolism of the twelve stones on the high priest's breastplate enhance our understanding of God's relationship with Israel?

2. In what ways can the unity and diversity of the twelve tribes be reflected in the modern church?

3. How does the role of the high priest in bearing the names of the tribes before God relate to Jesus' role as our High Priest?

4. What can we learn from the faithfulness of God to the tribes of Israel that applies to our personal walk with Him today?

5. How do the prophetic blessings in Genesis 49 connect to the representation of the tribes on the breastplate, and what does this teach us about God's sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 49
This chapter contains Jacob's blessings to his sons, which are prophetic and outline the future of each tribe. It provides background on the significance of each tribe.

Revelation 21
The New Jerusalem is described with twelve foundations, each bearing the name of one of the twelve apostles, drawing a parallel to the twelve tribes and their representation in the high priest's breastplate.

1 Peter 2:9
This verse speaks of believers as a "royal priesthood," connecting the priestly role of Israel to the calling of Christians today.