Joshua 21:21

they were given Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim (a city of refuge for the manslayer), Gezer,

Study Bible

they gave them
This phrase indicates the act of granting or bestowing, which in this context refers to the allocation of cities to the Levites. The Levites, being the priestly tribe, did not receive a large inheritance of land like the other tribes. Instead, they were given specific cities and surrounding pasturelands. This reflects the communal responsibility of the Israelites to support the Levites, who were dedicated to serving God and the community.

Shechem
Shechem holds significant historical and spiritual importance in the Bible. It is one of the oldest cities in the region and is first mentioned in Genesis as a place where Abram built an altar to the Lord. In Joshua, Shechem is designated as a city of refuge, a place where those who committed unintentional manslaughter could seek asylum. This highlights God's provision for justice and mercy within the legal system of ancient Israel.

the city of refuge for the manslayer
The concept of cities of refuge is a profound illustration of God's justice tempered with mercy. These cities provided protection for individuals who accidentally caused the death of another, preventing the cycle of vengeance. It underscores the value God places on human life and the importance of due process. Theologically, it foreshadows the refuge found in Christ, who offers protection and redemption for sinners.

with its pasturelands
The inclusion of pasturelands indicates the practical needs of the Levites, who required land to sustain their livestock. This provision ensured that the Levites could maintain their livelihood while focusing on their spiritual duties. It reflects God's care for the holistic well-being of His servants, providing for both their spiritual and physical needs.

in the hill country of Ephraim
The hill country of Ephraim is a region known for its fertile land and strategic location. Ephraim was one of the prominent tribes of Israel, and its territory was central to the nation's geography. The placement of a city of refuge in this area signifies its accessibility and importance, ensuring that justice and mercy were available to all Israelites.

and Gezer
Gezer was another city allocated to the Levites, and it holds archaeological significance due to its ancient ruins and historical mentions in Egyptian records. Its inclusion in the list of Levitical cities emphasizes the widespread distribution of these cities throughout Israel, ensuring that the Levites were integrated into the community and could minister effectively across the nation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Shechem
A significant city in biblical history, Shechem was designated as a city of refuge. It is located in the hill country of Ephraim and holds historical importance as a place of covenant renewal and worship.

2. City of Refuge
These were cities designated for the protection of individuals who had accidentally committed manslaughter. They provided a safe haven until a fair trial could be conducted.

3. Manslayer
Refers to someone who has killed another unintentionally. The city of refuge was a provision for such individuals to escape the avenger of blood.

4. Ephraim
One of the tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph's son Ephraim. The hill country of Ephraim was a central region in the land of Israel.

5. Gezer
Another city given to the Levites, located in the territory of Ephraim. It was strategically important and often mentioned in the context of Israel's battles and territorial boundaries.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The establishment of cities of refuge demonstrates God's concern for justice and mercy. It reflects His desire to protect the innocent and ensure fair treatment for all.

The Role of Community in God's Plan
The allocation of cities like Shechem and Gezer to the Levites underscores the importance of community and shared responsibility in God's design for His people.

Spiritual Refuge in Christ
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety for the manslayer, Christ offers spiritual refuge for sinners. Believers can find security and hope in Him.

The Importance of Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites' adherence to God's instructions regarding the cities of refuge illustrates the blessings of obedience and the order it brings to society.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a city of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy?

2. In what ways can the church today serve as a "city of refuge" for those seeking spiritual safety and support?

3. How does the allocation of cities like Shechem to the Levites demonstrate the importance of community and shared responsibility in God's plan?

4. What parallels can be drawn between the cities of refuge in the Old Testament and the refuge we find in Christ according to the New Testament?

5. How can understanding the historical and cultural context of cities like Shechem and Gezer enhance our interpretation of their significance in the Bible?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
This chapter outlines the laws concerning cities of refuge, providing context for their purpose and function within Israelite society.

Deuteronomy 19
Further elaborates on the cities of refuge, emphasizing the importance of justice and mercy in the legal system of Israel.

Hebrews 6:18
Draws a spiritual parallel to the concept of refuge, highlighting the hope and security found in God.