Lamentations 2:16
All your enemies open their mouths against you. They hiss and gnash their teeth, saying, "We have swallowed her up. This is the day for which we have waited. We have lived to see it!"
All your enemies open their mouths against you.

Jerusalem lies exposed to the scorn of surrounding peoples and to Babylon’s conquering power. Open mouths portray both savage hostility and public mockery, like predators prepared to consume their prey (Psalm 22:13). Jeremiah had warned that invaders would come because Judah had forsaken the Lord (Jeremiah 4:16–17).

Lam 3:46 All our enemies open their mouths against us.
Psa 35:21 They gape at me and say, “Aha, aha! Our eyes have seen!”
Psa 22:13 They open their jaws against me like lions…

They hiss and gnash their teeth,

The nations respond to Jerusalem’s ruin with derision and bitter delight. Hissing marked contempt, while gnashing teeth revealed violent hatred (Psalm 37:12). God’s judgment upon His unfaithful people did not excuse the cruelty or pride of those who rejoiced over their suffering.

Ezk 27:36 Those who trade among the nations hiss at you;…
Psa 35:16 Like godless jesters at a feast, they gnashed their teeth…
Job 16:9 His anger has torn me and opposed me; He gnashes His teeth…

saying, “We have swallowed her up.

Jerusalem’s enemies regard her destruction as complete, as though the city and its people have been consumed beyond recovery. The boast recalls the danger described in Psalm 124:3, yet the Lord remained able to preserve a remnant and restore what human enemies believed they had destroyed.

Psa 35:25 Let them not say in their hearts, “Aha, just what we wanted”…
Psa 124:3 when their anger flared against us, then they would have…
Hos 8:8 Israel is swallowed up! Now they are among the nations…

This is the day for which we have waited.

Long-standing hostility toward Israel erupts in celebration. Edom especially rejoiced over Jerusalem’s fall and urged Babylon’s destruction of the city (Psalm 137:7; Obadiah 10–14). The day of Jerusalem’s calamity also fulfilled the covenant warnings of Deuteronomy 28:49–57.

Ezk 26:2 Son of man, because Tyre has said of Jerusalem,…
Oba 1:12-13 But you should not gloat in that day, your brother’s day…
Psa 137:7 Remember, O LORD, the sons of Edom on the day…

We have lived to see it!”

The enemies consider Jerusalem’s fall the triumph they had long desired. Their celebration stands against the Lord’s future purpose to comfort Zion after discipline and to judge those who exulted in her distress (Isaiah 40:1–2; Ezekiel 25:12–14).

Psa 92:11 My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; my ears hear…
Psa 59:10 My God of loving devotion will come to meet me;…
Psa 54:7 For He has delivered me from every trouble…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jeremiah
- Traditionally considered the author of Lamentations, Jeremiah is known as the "weeping prophet" who lamented the destruction of Jerusalem.

2. Jerusalem
- The city that is the focal point of Lamentations, representing the heart of Judah and the center of Jewish worship, now lying in ruins.

3. Enemies of Jerusalem
- The surrounding nations and peoples who opposed Israel and Judah, often rejoicing in their downfall.

4. Babylonian Conquest
- The historical event where Babylon, under King Nebuchadnezzar, besieged and destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC.

5. The Day of the Lord
- A concept often associated with judgment and fulfillment of prophecy, seen here as a day of reckoning for Jerusalem.
Teaching Points
The Reality of Judgment
God's judgment is real and often comes as a result of persistent disobedience. The destruction of Jerusalem serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.

The Pain of Mockery
Experiencing mockery and scorn from enemies can be deeply painful. Believers are called to respond with grace and trust in God's justice rather than retaliate.

The Fulfillment of Prophecy
The events described in Lamentations were foretold by prophets like Jeremiah. This reminds us of the reliability of God's Word and the importance of heeding prophetic warnings.

Hope Amidst Despair
Even in the darkest times, there is hope. Lamentations, while a book of sorrow, also points to God's faithfulness and the possibility of restoration.

Guarding Against Pride
The enemies' gloating serves as a warning against pride and taking pleasure in others' misfortunes. Christians are called to humility and compassion.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the reaction of Jerusalem's enemies in Lamentations 2:16 reflect human nature's tendency to rejoice in others' failures, and how can we guard against this in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the destruction of Jerusalem serve as a warning for us today regarding the consequences of disobedience to God?

3. How can we find hope and encouragement in the midst of personal or communal lament, as seen in the book of Lamentations?

4. What parallels can we draw between the mockery faced by Jerusalem and the mockery faced by Jesus, and how should this influence our response to persecution?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Lamentations 2:16 to foster a spirit of humility and compassion in our interactions with others, especially those who may be experiencing hardship?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Psalm 137
This psalm reflects the sorrow and longing of the Israelites during the Babylonian exile, echoing the themes of lament and loss found in Lamentations.

Obadiah 1:12-13
These verses warn against gloating over a brother's misfortune, similar to the enemies' rejoicing over Jerusalem's fall.

Ezekiel 25:6
This passage speaks of God's judgment on those who rejoice over the downfall of His people, paralleling the enemies' attitudes in Lamentations 2:16.

Matthew 27:39-44
The mocking of Jesus on the cross by His enemies can be seen as a New Testament parallel to the taunting of Jerusalem's enemies.
The Glory and the Shame of JerusalemJ.R. Thomson
People
Jacob, Jeremiah
Places
Jerusalem, Zion
Topics
Ah, Certainly, Cry, Destroyed, Enemies, Forsooth, Gnash, Haters, Hiss, Hissed, Hisses, Longed, Making, Meal, Mouth, Mouths, Open, Opened, Opening, Rail, Reached, Scoff, Surely, Swallowed, Teeth, Waited, Whistling, Wide, Yea
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Lamentations 2:16

     5132   biting
     5189   teeth

Lamentations 2:15-16

     5550   speech, negative

Lamentations 2:15-17

     8819   scoffing

Library
Watch-Night Service
"Ye virgin souls, arise! With all the dead awake; Unto salvation wise; Oil in your vessels take: Upstarting at the MIDNIGHT CRY, Behold Your heavenly bridegroom nigh." Two brethren then offered prayer for the Church and the World, that the new year might be clothed with glory by the spread of the knowledge of Jesus.--Then followed the EXPOSITION Psalm 90:1-22 "Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. Yea Jehovah, WE, they children, can say that thou hast been our home, our safe
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 2: 1856

Chel. The Court of the Women.
The Court of the Gentiles compassed the Temple and the courts on every side. The same also did Chel, or the Ante-murale. "That space was ten cubits broad, divided from the Court of the Gentiles by a fence, ten hand-breadths high; in which were thirteen breaches, which the kings of Greece had made: but the Jews had again repaired them, and had appointed thirteen adorations answering to them." Maimonides writes: "Inwards" (from the Court of the Gentiles) "was a fence, that encompassed on every side,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Appendix ix. List of Old Testament Passages Messianically Applied in Ancient Rabbinic Writings
THE following list contains the passages in the Old Testament applied to the Messiah or to Messianic times in the most ancient Jewish writings. They amount in all to 456, thus distributed: 75 from the Pentateuch, 243 from the Prophets, and 138 from the Hagiorgrapha, and supported by more than 558 separate quotations from Rabbinic writings. Despite all labour care, it can scarcely be hoped that the list is quite complete, although, it is hoped, no important passage has been omitted. The Rabbinic references
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Departure from Ireland. Death and Burial at Clairvaux.
[Sidenote: 1148, May (?)] 67. (30). Being asked once, in what place, if a choice were given him, he would prefer to spend his last day--for on this subject the brothers used to ask one another what place each would select for himself--he hesitated, and made no reply. But when they insisted, he said, "If I take my departure hence[821] I shall do so nowhere more gladly than whence I may rise together with our Apostle"[822]--he referred to St. Patrick; "but if it behoves me to make a pilgrimage, and
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

That the Ruler Should be Discreet in Keeping Silence, Profitable in Speech.
The ruler should be discreet in keeping silence, profitable in speech; lest he either utter what ought to be suppressed or suppress what he ought to utter. For, as incautious speaking leads into error, so indiscreet silence leaves in error those who might have been instructed. For often improvident rulers, fearing to lose human favour, shrink timidly from speaking freely the things that are right; and, according to the voice of the Truth (Joh. x. 12), serve unto the custody of the flock by no means
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Lii. Concerning Hypocrisy, Worldly Anxiety, Watchfulness, and his Approaching Passion.
(Galilee.) ^C Luke XII. 1-59. ^c 1 In the meantime [that is, while these things were occurring in the Pharisee's house], when the many thousands of the multitude were gathered together, insomuch that they trod one upon another [in their eagerness to get near enough to Jesus to see and hear] , he began to say unto his disciples first of all [that is, as the first or most appropriate lesson], Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. [This admonition is the key to the understanding
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Lamentations
The book familiarly known as the Lamentations consists of four elegies[1] (i., ii., iii., iv.) and a prayer (v.). The general theme of the elegies is the sorrow and desolation created by the destruction of Jerusalem[2] in 586 B.C.: the last poem (v.) is a prayer for deliverance from the long continued distress. The elegies are all alphabetic, and like most alphabetic poems (cf. Ps. cxix.) are marked by little continuity of thought. The first poem is a lament over Jerusalem, bereft, by the siege,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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