Definition and Context
Abstinence from wine and strong drink refers to the voluntary refraining from consuming alcoholic beverages. In biblical times, wine was a common part of daily life and religious rituals, yet certain individuals and groups practiced abstinence for various reasons, including religious vows, health, and moral considerations.

Biblical References and Examples

1. Nazirite Vow
The Nazirite vow is one of the most explicit examples of abstinence from wine and strong drink in the Bible. Those who took this vow were required to abstain from wine, fermented drink, and even grape products. Numbers 6:2-4 states, "Speak to the Israelites and say to them: If a man or woman wants to make a special vow, a vow of dedication to the LORD as a Nazirite, they must abstain from wine and other fermented drink and must not drink vinegar made from wine or other fermented drink. They must not drink grape juice or eat grapes or raisins."

2. Priestly Regulations
Priests were also subject to restrictions regarding alcohol, particularly when serving in the tabernacle. Leviticus 10:9 commands, "You and your sons are not to drink wine or strong drink when you enter the Tent of Meeting, or else you will die. This is a permanent statute for the generations to come."

3. John the Baptist
John the Baptist is another notable figure who abstained from wine and strong drink. Luke 1:15 describes the angel's message to Zechariah about his son: "For he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He shall never take wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother’s womb."

4. Warnings Against Excess
While not a command for total abstinence, the Bible frequently warns against the dangers of excessive drinking. Proverbs 20:1 states, "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whoever is led astray by them is not wise." Similarly, Ephesians 5:18 advises, "Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit."

5. Daniel and His Companions
Daniel and his companions chose to abstain from the king's wine as part of their commitment to God. Daniel 1:8 records, "But Daniel resolved in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or the wine he drank. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself."

Cultural and Religious Significance

Abstinence from wine and strong drink in biblical times often signified a special dedication to God, a commitment to purity, or a means of maintaining spiritual focus. It was sometimes associated with prophetic or priestly roles, as seen in the lives of Nazirites and John the Baptist. The practice also served as a safeguard against the moral and social pitfalls associated with drunkenness.

Theological Implications

The Bible presents a balanced view of wine and strong drink, acknowledging their place in cultural and religious contexts while cautioning against their potential for abuse. Abstinence is portrayed as a personal or communal choice that reflects one's devotion and discipline. The emphasis is on moderation, self-control, and the pursuit of holiness, as seen in the broader biblical narrative.