Achish, the king of Gath, is a notable figure in the biblical narrative, particularly in the context of his interactions with David, the future king of Israel. Achish's reactions to David provide insight into the complex political and social dynamics of the time, as well as the providential protection over David's life.

David's First Encounter with Achish

The first significant encounter between David and Achish occurs in 1 Samuel 21:10-15. Fleeing from King Saul, David seeks refuge in Gath, one of the principal cities of the Philistines. However, the servants of Achish recognize David and recall his reputation as a formidable warrior, famously celebrated in song: "Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands" (1 Samuel 21:11). Fearing for his life, David feigns madness before Achish, scratching on the doors of the gate and letting saliva run down his beard. Achish's reaction is one of disdain and dismissal: "Look, you can see the man is insane! Why have you brought him to me? Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this one to act like this in front of me?" (1 Samuel 21:14-15). Achish's decision to dismiss David rather than harm him demonstrates a providential escape for David, allowing him to continue his journey.

David's Second Stay with Achish

David's second interaction with Achish is more prolonged and complex, as recorded in 1 Samuel 27:1-12. After continued pursuit by Saul, David returns to Achish, this time with a band of 600 men. Achish, perhaps recalling David's previous harmless departure or recognizing his potential as an ally, grants David asylum in Gath. David's presence is beneficial to Achish, who believes David has become a permanent adversary to Israel: "He has made himself an utter stench to his people Israel; therefore he will be my servant forever" (1 Samuel 27:12).

During this period, David conducts raids against various groups but deceives Achish by claiming he is attacking the southern regions of Judah. Achish's reaction is one of trust and confidence in David, as he is unaware of David's true activities. This trust is further evidenced when Achish offers David a place in his own army as they prepare to battle Israel (1 Samuel 28:1-2).

Achish's Reaction to David's Dismissal

In 1 Samuel 29, as the Philistine lords gather for battle against Israel, they express distrust towards David, fearing he might turn against them in the heat of battle. Despite Achish's personal assurance of David's loyalty, he is compelled to send David away: "As surely as the LORD lives, you have been upright in my sight, and your actions have been good in my eyes from the day you came to me until today. But the rulers do not approve of you" (1 Samuel 29:6). Achish's reaction here is one of regret and respect for David, acknowledging his integrity even as he must comply with the demands of his fellow Philistine leaders.

Achish's interactions with David highlight the tension between political expediency and personal judgment. His reactions, shaped by both his perception of David and the pressures of his own position, ultimately serve the divine purpose of preserving David for his future role as king of Israel.