The concept that "all are under sin" is a fundamental tenet in Christian theology, emphasizing the universal nature of sin and the inherent sinful condition of humanity. This doctrine is primarily derived from the writings of the Apostle Paul, particularly in the Book of Romans, where he systematically outlines the sinful state of both Jews and Gentiles.

Biblical Foundation

The phrase "all are under sin" is explicitly mentioned in Romans 3:9-10 : "What then? Are we any better? Not at all. For we have already made the charge that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin. As it is written: 'There is no one righteous, not even one.'" This passage underscores the universality of sin, asserting that no group or individual is exempt from its pervasive influence.

Paul further elaborates on this condition in Romans 3:23 : "for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God." This verse is often cited to affirm that every human being, regardless of their background or status, has sinned and thus fails to meet the divine standard of holiness.

Theological Implications

The doctrine that all are under sin has profound theological implications. It highlights the need for divine intervention and redemption, as humanity is incapable of achieving righteousness through its own efforts. This understanding sets the stage for the necessity of salvation through Jesus Christ, who, according to Christian belief, provides the means for reconciliation with God.

In Romans 5:12 , Paul explains the origin of sin: "Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned." This verse traces the entrance of sin into the world back to Adam, the first man, whose disobedience brought sin and death to all his descendants.

Old Testament Context

The concept of universal sinfulness is not limited to the New Testament. The Old Testament also acknowledges the sinful nature of humanity. In Ecclesiastes 7:20 , it is written: "Surely there is no righteous man on earth who does good and never sins." This acknowledgment of human imperfection is echoed throughout the Hebrew Scriptures, reinforcing the need for atonement and divine mercy.

Redemption Through Christ

The recognition that all are under sin serves as a backdrop for the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. In Romans 5:18-19 , Paul contrasts the disobedience of Adam with the obedience of Christ: "So then, just as one trespass brought condemnation for all men, so also one act of righteousness brought justification and life for all men. For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous."

This passage highlights the Christian belief that through Christ's sacrificial death and resurrection, the power of sin is broken, and believers are offered the gift of righteousness and eternal life.

Practical Application

Understanding that all are under sin has practical implications for Christian living. It fosters humility, as believers recognize their own sinful nature and dependence on God's grace. It also encourages a spirit of compassion and forgiveness towards others, acknowledging that all are in need of God's mercy.

Furthermore, this doctrine motivates evangelism and the sharing of the Gospel, as Christians are called to proclaim the message of salvation to a world in need of redemption. The awareness of universal sinfulness underscores the urgency of the Great Commission, as articulated by Jesus in Matthew 28:19-20 : "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you."

In summary, the belief that all are under sin is a cornerstone of Christian doctrine, shaping the understanding of human nature, the need for salvation, and the mission of the Church.