Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara
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Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara are figures mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the context of wisdom literature and genealogies. These individuals are noted for their wisdom and are often associated with the lineage of Judah.

Ethan

Ethan is recognized in the Bible as a wise man, whose wisdom was surpassed only by Solomon. In 1 Kings 4:31 , it is written, "For he was wiser than all men—wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite, Heman, Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol. And his fame spread throughout the surrounding nations." Ethan is also identified as an Ezrahite, which suggests a connection to the tribe of Judah. Additionally, Ethan is traditionally credited with authoring Psalm 89, a psalm that reflects on God's covenant with David and the enduring nature of His promises.

Heman

Heman is another figure noted for his wisdom, mentioned alongside Ethan in 1 Kings 4:31. He is also referred to as an Ezrahite, indicating a similar tribal affiliation. Heman is traditionally associated with the authorship of Psalm 88, a psalm characterized by its deep lament and plea for God's intervention. Furthermore, Heman is identified as a son of Joel and a grandson of Samuel, the prophet, in 1 Chronicles 6:33. He served as one of the chief musicians in the tabernacle, playing a significant role in the worship practices of Israel.

Calcol

Calcol is mentioned in 1 Kings 4:31 as one of the wise men whose wisdom was surpassed by Solomon. While the Bible provides limited information about Calcol, his inclusion in this list suggests that he was a figure of considerable wisdom and reputation during his time. The mention of Calcol, along with Ethan, Heman, and Dara, highlights the esteemed tradition of wisdom in ancient Israel.

Dara (Darda)

Dara, also referred to as Darda in some translations, is another figure noted for his wisdom in 1 Kings 4:31. Like Calcol, Dara's specific contributions or achievements are not detailed in the biblical text. However, his inclusion in the list of wise men emphasizes the high regard for wisdom in the cultural and religious context of ancient Israel. Dara is also mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:6 as a descendant of Judah, further establishing his connection to the tribe known for its leadership and prominence in Israel's history.

These four individuals—Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara—are emblematic of the rich tradition of wisdom in the biblical narrative. Their mention alongside Solomon underscores the value placed on wisdom and understanding in the spiritual and communal life of Israel.
Ethan the Ezrahite
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