The concept of self-examination before partaking in the Lord's Supper, also known as Communion, is a significant practice within Christian liturgy, rooted in biblical instruction. This practice is primarily derived from the Apostle Paul's teachings in the New Testament, specifically in his first letter to the Corinthians.

Biblical Foundation

The primary scriptural basis for self-examination before Communion is found in 1 Corinthians 11:27-29 : "Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord. Each one must examine himself before he eats of the bread and drinks of the cup. For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body eats and drinks judgment on himself."

Paul's admonition to the Corinthian church underscores the gravity and sanctity of the Lord's Supper. The context reveals that some members of the Corinthian church were partaking in the meal in a manner that disrespected its sacred purpose, leading to divisions and a lack of reverence. As a corrective measure, Paul instructs believers to engage in self-examination to ensure they approach the table with the right heart and understanding.

Theological Significance

The act of self-examination is not merely a ritualistic formality but a profound spiritual discipline. It involves introspection and repentance, allowing believers to assess their relationship with God and others. This practice is rooted in the recognition of the holiness of the sacrament and the acknowledgment of Christ's sacrifice. By examining oneself, believers are called to confess sins, seek reconciliation, and renew their commitment to live in accordance with the teachings of Christ.

Practical Application

In practical terms, self-examination before Communion involves several key elements:

1. Confession of Sin: Believers are encouraged to confess their sins to God, seeking His forgiveness and cleansing. This aligns with the biblical principle found in 1 John 1:9 : "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness."

2. Reconciliation with Others: Jesus emphasized the importance of reconciliation in Matthew 5:23-24 : "Therefore if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift." This principle extends to the Lord's Supper, where believers are urged to resolve conflicts and seek peace with others.

3. Reflection on Christ's Sacrifice: Participants are called to meditate on the significance of Christ's death and resurrection, recognizing the profound love and grace demonstrated through His sacrifice. This reflection fosters a spirit of gratitude and worship.

4. Commitment to Holiness: Self-examination also involves a renewed commitment to live a life that honors God. This includes a dedication to personal holiness and obedience to God's Word.

Historical and Denominational Perspectives

Throughout church history, the practice of self-examination before Communion has been emphasized across various Christian traditions. The Reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, highlighted the importance of approaching the Lord's Table with a contrite heart and a clear conscience. In many conservative Christian denominations, this practice remains a vital aspect of Communion services, often accompanied by moments of silent prayer and reflection.

In summary, the examination before partaking in the Lord's Supper is a biblically mandated practice that calls believers to approach the sacrament with reverence, humility, and a heart prepared to receive the grace offered through Christ's sacrifice.