In the biblical context, the relationship between lenders and borrowers, or creditors and debtors, is addressed with significant moral and ethical considerations. The Scriptures provide guidance on how these relationships should be conducted, emphasizing justice, mercy, and the avoidance of exploitation.

Old Testament Context

The Old Testament law contains specific instructions regarding lending and borrowing, reflecting God's concern for justice and compassion. In Exodus 22:25 , it is written: "If you lend money to one of My people among you who is poor, you must not be like a moneylender to him; you must not charge him interest." This command underscores the importance of helping those in need without seeking personal gain through interest, particularly when dealing with fellow Israelites.

The concept of the Sabbatical Year, as described in Deuteronomy 15:1-2 , further illustrates the biblical approach to debt: "At the end of every seven years you must cancel debts. This is how it is to be done: Every creditor shall cancel the loan he has made to his fellow Israelite. He shall not require payment from his fellow Israelite or brother, because the LORD’s time for canceling debts has been proclaimed." This provision was designed to prevent the accumulation of insurmountable debt and to promote economic equality and social stability.

New Testament Teachings

In the New Testament, the teachings of Jesus and the apostles continue to address the moral dimensions of lending and borrowing. Jesus, in the Sermon on the Mount, instructs His followers in Matthew 5:42 : "Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you." This teaching emphasizes generosity and a willingness to help others, reflecting the selfless love that should characterize Christian behavior.

The Apostle Paul, in his letter to the Romans, provides further guidance on the matter. Romans 13:8 states: "Be indebted to no one, except to one another in love, for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law." Here, Paul highlights the principle that love should be the guiding force in all relationships, including those involving financial transactions.

Moral and Ethical Considerations

The biblical perspective on lending and borrowing is deeply rooted in the principles of justice, mercy, and love. The Scriptures warn against the exploitation of the poor and vulnerable, as seen in Proverbs 22:22-23 : "Do not rob a poor man because he is poor, and do not crush the afflicted at the gate, for the LORD will take up their case and will plunder those who rob them of life." This passage serves as a reminder that God is the defender of the oppressed and that unjust practices will ultimately be judged.

Furthermore, the Bible encourages believers to act with integrity and fairness in all financial dealings. Leviticus 19:35-36 instructs: "You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume. You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt." This command underscores the importance of honesty and fairness in all transactions, including those involving lending and borrowing.

Practical Implications for Believers

For believers, the biblical teachings on lending and borrowing call for a balanced approach that combines generosity with responsibility. While the Scriptures encourage helping those in need, they also advocate for wise stewardship and the avoidance of unnecessary debt. Proverbs 22:7 warns: "The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is slave to the lender." This proverb highlights the potential dangers of debt and the importance of financial prudence.

In summary, the biblical view of lenders and borrowers, creditors and debtors, is one that emphasizes compassion, justice, and love. Believers are called to reflect these values in their financial interactions, ensuring that their actions honor God and serve the well-being of others.