The Altar of Incense, also known as the Golden Altar, holds significant importance in the worship practices of ancient Israel as described in the Old Testament. It was a key component of the Tabernacle, the portable sanctuary used by the Israelites during their wilderness wanderings, and later in the Temple in Jerusalem. The instructions for its construction are detailed in the Book of Exodus, specifically in Exodus 30:1-10.

Design and Construction:

The Altar of Incense was crafted according to divine specifications given to Moses on Mount Sinai. It was to be made of acacia wood, a durable and resilient material, symbolizing the enduring nature of worship and prayer. The altar measured a cubit in length and width, and two cubits in height, making it a square structure with a height that exceeded its width and length. The altar was overlaid with pure gold, signifying its sacred purpose and the holiness required in approaching God.

Exodus 30:3 states, "Overlay the top and all the sides and horns with pure gold, and make a gold molding around it." The horns, one at each corner, were integral to the altar's design, symbolizing strength and the power of prayer. The gold molding around the altar added to its beauty and sanctity.

Function and Use:

The primary function of the Altar of Incense was to burn fragrant incense before the Lord, symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God. The incense was to be burned every morning and evening by the priest, coinciding with the lighting of the lamps, as described in Exodus 30:7-8 : "And Aaron is to burn fragrant incense on it every morning when he tends the lamps. When Aaron sets up the lamps at twilight, he must burn the incense perpetually before the LORD for the generations to come."

The incense used was a specific blend, as commanded by God, and was considered holy. Unauthorized incense or offerings were strictly prohibited, emphasizing the need for obedience and reverence in worship.

Symbolism and Significance:

The Altar of Incense represents the prayers and intercessions of the people, continually rising before God. Its placement in the Holy Place, just before the veil that separated the Holy of Holies, signifies the closeness of prayer to the presence of God. The perpetual burning of incense underscores the importance of constant prayer and communion with the Divine.

The altar also played a role in the Day of Atonement rituals, where the high priest would use its incense to create a cloud of smoke, covering the mercy seat and protecting him from the direct presence of God (Leviticus 16:12-13).

Theological Implications:

The making and use of the Altar of Incense highlight the necessity of purity, holiness, and obedience in worship. It serves as a reminder of the mediatory role of the priesthood and the importance of intercession. In Christian theology, the altar prefigures Christ's intercessory work, as He is seen as the ultimate mediator between God and humanity, offering prayers on behalf of His people.

The Altar of Incense, therefore, is not merely a historical artifact but a profound symbol of the spiritual life, emphasizing the centrality of prayer and the need for a holy approach to God.