The making of the priestly garments is a significant event in the Old Testament, particularly in the context of the establishment of the Levitical priesthood. These garments were designed to set the priests apart for their sacred duties and to reflect the glory and beauty of their service to God. The instructions for making these garments are detailed primarily in the Book of Exodus.

Biblical Instructions

The instructions for crafting the priestly garments are found in Exodus 28 and 39. God commanded Moses to make these garments for Aaron and his sons, who were chosen to serve as priests. The garments were to be made by skilled artisans filled with the spirit of wisdom. Exodus 28:2 states, "Make holy garments for your brother Aaron to give him glory and splendor."

Components of the Priestly Garments

1. The Ephod: The ephod was a sleeveless garment worn over the robe. It was made of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen. The ephod had two shoulder pieces attached to it, each bearing an onyx stone engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel (Exodus 28:6-12).

2. The Breastpiece: Known as the breastpiece of judgment, it was made with the same materials as the ephod. It was square and folded double, with four rows of three stones each, representing the twelve tribes. The Urim and Thummim, used for divine decision-making, were placed inside the breastpiece (Exodus 28:15-30).

3. The Robe of the Ephod: This robe was entirely blue and had an opening for the head, reinforced to prevent tearing. The hem was adorned with pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and gold bells, which would sound as the priest moved (Exodus 28:31-35).

4. The Turban and Plate: The turban was made of fine linen, and a gold plate inscribed with "Holy to the LORD" was fastened to it with a blue cord. This signified the consecration of the priest to God (Exodus 28:36-38).

5. The Tunic, Sash, and Undergarments: The tunic was a long garment made of fine linen, as was the sash, which was embroidered. Linen undergarments were also made to cover the body from the waist to the thighs, ensuring modesty (Exodus 28:39-43).

Symbolism and Purpose

The priestly garments were rich in symbolism, representing purity, holiness, and the glory of God. The use of gold and precious stones signified the value and sacredness of the priestly office. The garments served as a constant reminder of the priest's role as a mediator between God and the people of Israel.

Craftsmanship and Divine Inspiration

The artisans responsible for making the garments were endowed with divine wisdom and skill. Bezalel and Oholiab, along with other skilled craftsmen, were appointed to oversee the work. Exodus 31:3 notes, "And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with wisdom, understanding, and ability in all kinds of craftsmanship."

Consecration and Use

Once completed, the garments were used in the consecration ceremony of Aaron and his sons, as described in Exodus 29. The garments were to be worn whenever the priests entered the Tent of Meeting or approached the altar, ensuring they bore no guilt and did not die (Exodus 28:43).

The making of the priestly garments underscores the importance of holiness and the divine calling of the priesthood in the worship of Yahweh. These garments were not merely ceremonial but were integral to the identity and function of the priests in ancient Israel.