Merchants and business people play a significant role in the biblical narrative, reflecting the economic and social dynamics of ancient times. The Bible provides various insights into the lives, practices, and moral considerations surrounding commerce and trade.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, merchants were integral to the economy, facilitating trade and the exchange of goods. The book of Genesis mentions early trade activities, such as the caravan of Ishmaelites who traded spices, balm, and myrrh (Genesis 37:25). This indicates the existence of established trade routes and the movement of goods across regions.

The wisdom literature, particularly the book of Proverbs, offers guidance on ethical business practices. Proverbs 11:1 states, "Dishonest scales are an abomination to the LORD, but an accurate weight is His delight." This highlights the importance of honesty and integrity in business dealings. Similarly, Proverbs 31:24 describes the virtuous woman as one who "makes linen garments and sells them; she delivers sashes to the merchants," illustrating the role of industriousness and entrepreneurship.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, merchants are often depicted in parables and teachings of Jesus. The parable of the talents (Matthew 25:14-30) emphasizes the importance of wise investment and stewardship. The servants who wisely traded and increased their master's wealth were commended, while the one who buried his talent was rebuked. This parable underscores the value of diligence and responsibility in business.

The cleansing of the temple (Matthew 21:12-13) presents a critical view of commerce when it becomes exploitative or corrupt. Jesus drove out the money changers and merchants, declaring, "It is written, 'My house will be called a house of prayer,' but you are making it 'a den of robbers.'" This act highlights the need for ethical conduct and the prioritization of spiritual over material gain.

Moral and Ethical Considerations

The Bible consistently advocates for fairness, honesty, and justice in business. Leviticus 19:35-36 instructs, "You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume. You shall maintain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah and an honest hin." This commandment reflects God's desire for equity and righteousness in economic transactions.

The apostle Paul, in his letters, also addresses the conduct of business people. In 1 Thessalonians 4:11-12, he advises believers "to aspire to live quietly, to attend to your own matters, and to work with your own hands, as we instructed you, so that you will behave properly toward outsiders and be dependent on no one." This encourages a work ethic that is self-sufficient and respectful of others.

Merchants in Prophecy and Revelation

The book of Revelation provides a prophetic view of merchants in the context of the end times. Revelation 18 describes the fall of Babylon, a symbol of corrupt economic systems. Verses 11-13 lament the loss experienced by merchants: "The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargo anymore—cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet cloth; every sort of citron wood, and articles of every kind made of ivory, costly wood, bronze, iron, and marble." This passage serves as a warning against the idolatry of wealth and the fleeting nature of material prosperity.

Conclusion

Throughout the Bible, merchants and business people are portrayed with a focus on ethical conduct, stewardship, and the balance between material pursuits and spiritual values. The biblical narrative encourages integrity, fairness, and a recognition of God's sovereignty over all economic activities.