Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah are names that appear in the genealogical records of the Old Testament, specifically within the context of the Edomite lineage. These names are significant in understanding the broader narrative of the descendants of Esau, the brother of Jacob, and the establishment of the Edomite tribes.

Nahath
Nahath is mentioned as a descendant of Esau, the son of Isaac and Rebekah. In Genesis 36:13 , Nahath is listed as one of the sons of Reuel, who was the son of Esau and Basemath, the daughter of Ishmael. The verse states: "These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath." Nahath's inclusion in the genealogical record highlights the interconnections between the Edomites and the broader Abrahamic family, as Esau's marriage to Basemath linked his descendants to the Ishmaelites.

Zerah
Zerah, like Nahath, is also a son of Reuel and a grandson of Esau. His name appears in the same genealogical context in Genesis 36:13. The name Zerah is significant in biblical genealogies, appearing in various contexts, including the lineage of Judah. However, in this instance, Zerah is part of the Edomite lineage, emphasizing the diverse branches of Esau's descendants.

Shammah
Shammah is another son of Reuel, listed alongside his brothers in Genesis 36:13. The name Shammah appears in other parts of the Old Testament, often associated with different individuals. In the context of Esau's descendants, Shammah contributes to the understanding of the familial and tribal structures that characterized the Edomites. The Edomites, as descendants of Esau, played a significant role in the history of Israel, often depicted as both kin and adversaries.

Mizzah
Mizzah is the fourth son of Reuel mentioned in Genesis 36:13. His inclusion in the genealogical record serves to complete the list of Reuel's sons, who were grandsons of Esau and Basemath. The name Mizzah, like those of his brothers, is part of the broader narrative of the Edomite tribes, which are frequently mentioned in the context of Israel's history and interactions with neighboring peoples.

The genealogical records in Genesis 36 provide insight into the complex relationships and lineages that shaped the ancient Near Eastern world. The descendants of Esau, including Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah, are integral to understanding the historical and theological context of the Edomites, who are often portrayed in the Bible as both relatives and rivals of the Israelites. These genealogies underscore the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding the multitude of nations that would arise from his descendants, including those through Esau.