The term "The Discourse" in biblical studies often refers to significant speeches or teachings delivered by Jesus Christ, as recorded in the New Testament. These discourses are pivotal for understanding the theological and ethical teachings of Jesus and are primarily found in the Gospels. Among the most notable are the Sermon on the Mount, the Olivet Discourse, and the Upper Room Discourse.

1. Sermon on the Mount

The Sermon on the Mount is recorded in Matthew 5-7 and is one of the most comprehensive collections of Jesus' teachings. It begins with the Beatitudes, which describe the characteristics and blessings of those who follow God's ways: "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 5:3). The sermon covers a wide range of topics, including the fulfillment of the Law, the Lord's Prayer, and the Golden Rule. Jesus emphasizes the internalization of God's commandments, urging His followers to seek righteousness that surpasses that of the Pharisees (Matthew 5:20).

2. Olivet Discourse

The Olivet Discourse is found in Matthew 24-25, Mark 13, and Luke 21. Delivered on the Mount of Olives, this discourse addresses the end times and the coming of the Kingdom of God. Jesus warns of false prophets, wars, and natural disasters, stating, "See to it that no one deceives you" (Matthew 24:4). He speaks of the Great Tribulation and the signs of His second coming, urging vigilance and readiness: "Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day on which your Lord will come" (Matthew 24:42).

3. Upper Room Discourse

The Upper Room Discourse is recorded in John 13-17 and takes place during the Last Supper. Here, Jesus prepares His disciples for His impending crucifixion and departure. He introduces the New Commandment to love one another (John 13:34) and promises the coming of the Holy Spirit, the Comforter, who will guide them into all truth (John 16:13). Jesus also prays for His disciples and all future believers, emphasizing unity and love: "I have given them the glory You gave Me, so that they may be one as We are one" (John 17:22).

4. Other Discourses

In addition to these major discourses, Jesus' teachings are scattered throughout the Gospels in various parables and dialogues. For instance, the Bread of Life Discourse in John 6 emphasizes Jesus as the spiritual sustenance for believers: "I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to Me will never hunger, and whoever believes in Me will never thirst" (John 6:35). The Good Shepherd Discourse in John 10 highlights Jesus' role as the protector and savior of His flock: "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep" (John 10:11).

These discourses collectively form a foundational element of Christian doctrine, offering insights into the nature of God, the expectations of His followers, and the promise of eternal life through faith in Jesus Christ.