The fifth year of Rehoboam's reign marks a significant period in the history of the divided kingdom of Israel and Judah. Rehoboam, the son of Solomon and grandson of David, ascended to the throne of Judah following Solomon's death. His reign is characterized by political instability and spiritual decline, which culminated in a pivotal event during his fifth year as king.

Historical Context

Rehoboam's reign began with a critical decision that led to the division of the united monarchy. When the people of Israel requested lighter burdens than those imposed by Solomon, Rehoboam, rejecting the counsel of the elders, chose to follow the advice of his younger advisors. This decision resulted in the secession of the ten northern tribes, forming the separate kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam I (1 Kings 12:1-20).

Spiritual and Political Decline

Rehoboam's rule over Judah was marked by a departure from the ways of the LORD. The people of Judah engaged in practices that were detestable in the sight of God, including the establishment of high places, sacred stones, and Asherah poles (1 Kings 14:22-24). This spiritual decline set the stage for divine judgment.

Invasion by Shishak

In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, the LORD allowed Shishak, the king of Egypt, to invade Jerusalem as a consequence of Judah's unfaithfulness. The biblical account in 1 Kings 14:25-26 and 2 Chronicles 12:2-9 describes how Shishak came up against Jerusalem with a formidable army. The Egyptian forces captured the fortified cities of Judah and advanced on Jerusalem.

The chronicler records that the prophet Shemaiah delivered a message from the LORD to Rehoboam and the leaders of Judah, declaring that their abandonment of God had led to this invasion. In response, Rehoboam and the leaders humbled themselves, acknowledging the LORD's righteousness (2 Chronicles 12:5-6).

Partial Deliverance

Because of their humility, the LORD granted a measure of deliverance. Shishak did not destroy Jerusalem, but he did plunder the treasures of the house of the LORD and the royal palace. This included the gold shields that Solomon had made, which Rehoboam replaced with bronze shields (1 Kings 14:27-28; 2 Chronicles 12:9-10).

Theological Implications

The events of Rehoboam's fifth year serve as a poignant reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. The invasion by Shishak is seen as divine chastisement, intended to bring the people of Judah back to a place of humility and dependence on the LORD. The partial deliverance granted upon their repentance underscores God's mercy and willingness to forgive those who return to Him.

Legacy

Rehoboam's reign, particularly the events of his fifth year, highlights the importance of faithfulness to God's covenant. The spiritual and political challenges faced by Judah during this time foreshadow the ongoing struggles of the divided kingdoms and the need for a righteous king who would lead the people in accordance with God's statutes.