The people of Egypt, known as Egyptians, hold a significant place in biblical history and narrative. Egypt, located in the northeastern corner of Africa, is frequently mentioned in the Bible as a land of both refuge and oppression for the Israelites. The relationship between the Israelites and Egyptians is complex, marked by periods of both cooperation and conflict.

Early Interactions

The earliest mention of Egypt in the Bible is found in the account of Abraham. During a famine in Canaan, Abraham and his wife Sarah went down to Egypt to sojourn there (Genesis 12:10). This initial encounter sets a precedent for Egypt as a place of refuge during times of famine, a theme that recurs throughout the biblical narrative.

Joseph and the Israelites in Egypt

One of the most significant accounts involving Egypt is the account of Joseph, the son of Jacob. Sold into slavery by his brothers, Joseph eventually rose to prominence in Egypt, becoming second in command to Pharaoh. His position allowed him to save his family from famine by bringing them to Egypt (Genesis 41-47). This migration marks the beginning of the Israelites' extended stay in Egypt.

The Oppression and Exodus

Over time, the Israelites grew numerous in Egypt, which led to their enslavement by a new Pharaoh who did not know Joseph (Exodus 1:8-14). The Egyptians subjected the Israelites to harsh labor, prompting God to raise up Moses as a deliverer. The narrative of the Exodus, where God leads the Israelites out of Egypt with a series of miraculous plagues, is a foundational event in Israelite history (Exodus 7-12).

Egypt in Prophecy and Wisdom Literature

Egypt is frequently mentioned in the prophetic books of the Bible. The prophets often use Egypt as a symbol of worldly power and idolatry, warning Israel against relying on Egypt for military alliances (Isaiah 31:1). Despite this, Egypt is also included in prophecies of future blessing and restoration. Isaiah 19:25 speaks of a time when Egypt, along with Assyria and Israel, will be blessed by the Lord: "Blessed be Egypt My people, Assyria My handiwork, and Israel My inheritance."

In the wisdom literature, Egypt is sometimes referenced as a place of learning and wisdom. Moses, who was "educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians" (Acts 7:22), is an example of this cultural exchange.

New Testament References

In the New Testament, Egypt serves as a place of refuge for the Holy Family. After the birth of Jesus, Joseph and Mary fled to Egypt to escape King Herod's massacre of the infants in Bethlehem (Matthew 2:13-15). This event fulfills the prophecy, "Out of Egypt I called My Son" (Hosea 11:1; Matthew 2:15).

Cultural and Religious Influence

The Egyptians were known for their advanced civilization, including achievements in architecture, mathematics, and medicine. Their religious practices, characterized by a pantheon of gods and elaborate rituals, often stood in contrast to the monotheistic worship of Yahweh by the Israelites. This cultural and religious backdrop provides context for many of the biblical narratives involving Egypt.

Conclusion

The people of Egypt, as depicted in the Bible, are integral to the unfolding account of God's interaction with His chosen people, Israel. From the time of the patriarchs to the New Testament, Egypt serves as a backdrop for God's redemptive work, illustrating themes of deliverance, judgment, and eventual blessing.