In the biblical context, a riddle is a form of enigmatic or puzzling statement that requires thought and discernment to understand. Riddles are used in the Bible to convey deeper truths, challenge the listener, or reveal wisdom. The most notable instance of a riddle in the Bible is found in the account of Samson, a judge of Israel, in the Book of Judges.

Samson's Riddle

The account of Samson's riddle is recorded in Judges 14. Samson, endowed with extraordinary strength by God, was set apart as a Nazirite from birth. During his life, he faced numerous conflicts with the Philistines, who were oppressing Israel at the time. On one occasion, Samson went down to Timnah and saw a Philistine woman whom he desired to marry. On his way to arrange the marriage, he encountered a young lion, which he killed with his bare hands. Later, when he returned to marry the woman, he found a swarm of bees and honey in the carcass of the lion.

At the wedding feast, Samson posed a riddle to thirty Philistine companions, saying, "Out of the eater came something to eat, and out of the strong came something sweet" (Judges 14:14). The riddle was a reference to the honey he had found in the lion's carcass. The Philistines were unable to solve the riddle for three days. On the fourth day, they coerced Samson's wife to entice him to reveal the answer. Under pressure, she persuaded Samson to disclose the solution, which she then relayed to her people.

The Philistines answered Samson, "What is sweeter than honey? And what is stronger than a lion?" (Judges 14:18). Realizing he had been betrayed, Samson responded with anger and went down to Ashkelon, where he struck down thirty men, took their belongings, and gave their clothes to those who had solved the riddle. This event marked the beginning of a series of conflicts between Samson and the Philistines.

Symbolism and Interpretation

Samson's riddle serves as a metaphor for the unexpected ways in which God can bring about deliverance and provision. The riddle's solution—honey from a lion's carcass—symbolizes the sweetness and sustenance that can emerge from strength and adversity. It also highlights the theme of divine empowerment, as Samson's strength was a gift from God, enabling him to perform mighty acts against Israel's enemies.

The use of riddles in the Bible often reflects the wisdom literature tradition, where understanding and insight are valued. Riddles challenge the listener to think deeply and discern hidden meanings, much like the parables used by Jesus in the New Testament.

Other Biblical References

While Samson's riddle is the most prominent, other instances of riddles or enigmatic sayings can be found in the Bible. For example, the Queen of Sheba tested Solomon with hard questions, which may have included riddles, to assess his wisdom (1 Kings 10:1). Additionally, the Book of Proverbs contains sayings that require contemplation and insight to grasp their full meaning.

In summary, riddles in the Bible serve as a tool for teaching, revealing truth, and demonstrating the wisdom and power of God. They invite the listener to engage with the text on a deeper level, seeking understanding and insight into the divine mysteries.