Lexical Summary kphowr: Frost Original Word: כְּפוֹר Strong's Exhaustive Concordance bason, hoary frost From kaphar; properly, a cover, i.e. (by implication) a tankard (or covered goblet); also white frost (as covering the ground) -- bason, hoar(-y) frost. see HEBREW kaphar Brown-Driver-Briggs I. כְּפוֺר noun masculine bowl (Late Hebrew id.; ᵑ7. כְּפוֺרָא) — bowl of gold or sliver, used in the temple (late), ׳כ 1 Chronicles 28:17 (4 t. in verse); plural construct כְּפוֺרֵי 1 Chronicles 28:17 (twice in verse); Ezra 1:10 (twice in verse); Ezra 8:27. II. כְּפוֺר noun masculine hoar frost (Late Hebrew id.) — ׳כ Psalm 147:16; כְּפֹר Exodus 16:14 (P), Job 38:29. Topical Lexicon Semantic Scope כְּפוֹר moves in two distinct spheres of meaning: 1) naturally occurring “frost,” the light, white covering that settles upon the ground; 2) cultic “bowls” used in blood-sprinkling or drink-offering rites associated with the Tabernacle and Temple. Occurrences and Immediate Contexts • Exodus 16:14: “When the layer of dew was gone, there were thin flakes on the desert surface as fine as frost on the ground.” The verse juxtaposes dew and כְּפוֹר, preparing the reader to recognize manna’s delicate, heaven-sent character. Historical Significance The dual usage traces Israel’s journey from wilderness dependence to structured worship. In the desert, כְּפוֹר describes frost-like manna—daily provision formative to Israel’s identity. Centuries later, the word marks specialized bowls that facilitated the sprinkling of blood, emblematic of atonement within Temple liturgy. Thus the term spans the nation’s earliest meals and its mature sacrificial system. Worship and Ritual Connection Sprinkling bowls (כְּפוֹרִים) held blood from sin, guilt, and fellowship offerings (compare Leviticus 1–7 where “sprinkling” of blood is mandated, even though the noun here is not used). Their measured weights in 1 Chronicles 28:17 stress exact obedience; nothing in God’s house is random. Ezra’s accounting shows post-exilic leaders honoring the same standards, emphasizing continuity of worship across generations. Symbolic and Theological Themes 1. Provision: The frost-like manna points to God’s daily grace, later echoed by Jesus’ “I am the bread of life” in John 6. Christological Trajectory • Manna, described with כְּפוֹר imagery, prefigures Christ as heavenly bread. Ministry Application • Dependence: Believers are reminded to seek daily sustenance from God’s word just as Israel gathered frost-like manna every morning. Summary כְּפוֹר links the ordinary wonder of morning frost with the extraordinary privilege of sacrificial worship. Whether nourishing Israel in the wilderness or aiding priests in blood-sprinkling rites, the word traces a line of divine provision, purity, and preservation that culminates in the redeeming work of Jesus Christ. Forms and Transliterations וְלִכְפוֹרֵ֥י וְלִכְפוֹרֵ֨י וּכְפ֔וֹר וּכְפֹ֥ר וּכְפֹרֵ֤י וּכְפֽוֹר׃ וכפור וכפור׃ וכפר וכפרי ולכפורי כְּ֝פ֗וֹר כְּפ֤וֹרֵי כְּפוֹרֵ֤י כַּכְּפֹ֖ר ככפר כפור כפורי לִכְפ֣וֹר לִכְפ֥וֹר לכפור kak·kə·p̄ōr kakkeFor kakkəp̄ōr kə·p̄ō·w·rê kə·p̄ō·wr keFor kefoRei kəp̄ōwr kəp̄ōwrê lichFor liḵ·p̄ō·wr liḵp̄ōwr ū·ḵə·p̄ō·rê ū·ḵə·p̄ō·wr ū·ḵə·p̄ōr ucheFor uchefoRei ūḵəp̄ōr ūḵəp̄ōrê ūḵəp̄ōwr velichfoRei wə·liḵ·p̄ō·w·rê wəliḵp̄ōwrêLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 16:14 HEB: מְחֻסְפָּ֔ס דַּ֥ק כַּכְּפֹ֖ר עַל־ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ NAS: fine as the frost on the ground. KJV: [as] small as the hoar frost on the ground. INT: flake-like fine as the frost on the ground 1 Chronicles 28:17 1 Chronicles 28:17 1 Chronicles 28:17 1 Chronicles 28:17 1 Chronicles 28:17 1 Chronicles 28:17 Ezra 1:10 Ezra 1:10 Ezra 8:27 Job 38:29 Psalm 147:16 12 Occurrences |
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