Lexical Summary Esarchaddon: Esarhaddon Original Word: אֵסַר־חַדּוֹן Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Esar-haddon Of foreign derivation; Esar- chaddon, an Assyrian king -- Esar-haddon. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originof foreign origin Definition "Ashur has given a brother," an Assyr. king NASB Translation Esarhaddon (3). Brown-Driver-Briggs אֵסַרְחַדֹּן proper name, masculine Esarhaddon (Assyrian Ašura—-iddina, Ashur hath given a brother) king of Assyria B.C. 681-668, son & successor of Sennacherib Isaiah 37:38 = 2 Kings 19:37 (van d. H. אֵסַרחַֿדֹּן); Ezra 4:2; compare COT. Topical Lexicon Esarhaddon (Strong’s Hebrew 634) Occurrences in Scripture • 2 Kings 19:37 In 2 Kings 19:37 and Isaiah 37:38 the name appears at the culmination of Sennacherib’s judgment: “They escaped to the land of Ararat, and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place.”. Ezra 4:2 records the colonists telling Zerubbabel: “We have been sacrificing to Him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assyria, who brought us here.”. Historical Context Esarhaddon (reigned 680–669 BC) succeeded his father Sennacherib after the latter was assassinated by two of his sons. The new monarch quickly consolidated power, putting down rebellion inside Assyria, then extended the empire by campaigns against Babylon, Elam, Arabia, Egypt, and Cush. He rebuilt Babylon (damaged by Sennacherib) and enlarged Nineveh, evidencing the wealth and organizational strength of Assyria at its zenith. Assyrian Imperial Policy and the Samarian Population Esarhaddon continued the mass‐deportation policy begun by earlier kings, shifting entire peoples to break resistance and secure tribute routes. Ezra 4:2 indicates that some of those resettled groups remained in the land centuries later and claimed affinity with post-exilic Judah. Their mixed religious background, however, became a stumbling block to pure covenant worship (Ezra 4:3–5), illustrating how political strategies can create long-term spiritual complications. Prophetic Vindication Sennacherib’s downfall and Esarhaddon’s rise fulfilled Isaiah’s oracle given during Hezekiah’s crisis (Isaiah 37:7). The precision of the outcome—an internal assassination followed by a son’s accession—confirms Scripture’s reliability and God’s sovereignty over nations. The succession also demonstrates the Lord’s ability to turn the mightiest empire toward His redemptive purposes, preserving Jerusalem in the face of overwhelming force. Theological Themes and Spiritual Lessons 1. Divine sovereignty over rulers: God determined Assyria’s leadership transitions (Proverbs 21:1). Implications for Ministry Today • Trust in God’s unassailable control of political events; changing regimes never thwart His plan. Forms and Transliterations חַדֹּ֥ן חַדֹּן֙ חדן chadDon ḥad·dōn ḥaddōnLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance 2 Kings 19:37 HEB: וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֵֽסַר־ חַדֹּ֥ן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ NAS: of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son KJV: of Armenia. And Esarhaddon his son INT: of Ararat became and Esarhaddon his son his place Ezra 4:2 Isaiah 37:38 3 Occurrences |
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