What is the meaning of Exodus 21:7? And if a man sells his daughter as a servant • Scripture states, “And if a man sells his daughter as a servant…” (Exodus 21:7). In ancient Israel, extreme poverty could force a family to place a child in indentured service. This practice was regulated by God to protect the vulnerable (compare Leviticus 25:39-41). • The sale was not for exploitation but for provision and protection within another household, much like Ruth’s kinsman-redeemer situation (Ruth 3:1-13). • God’s law here acknowledges human hardship while setting boundaries so the daughter’s dignity remains intact—unlike the harsh chattel slavery known elsewhere (Exodus 22:21; Deuteronomy 24:17-18). She is not to go free • Unlike a male servant who automatically received release after six years (Exodus 21:2; Deuteronomy 15:12-15), a daughter-servant’s status continued until redemption or marriage. • This extended term ensured stability and future security, often ending in marriage to the master or his son (Exodus 21:8-9). Her long-term placement was designed to elevate her prospects, not diminish them. • Cross-reference Genesis 24:34-53, where arranged placements aimed at a woman’s welfare; likewise, God’s law safeguarded the daughter from being turned out without support (Exodus 21:10-11). As the menservants do • Male servants had a fixed liberation date; females had distinct protections. God differentiated not from partiality but to grant additional rights: food, clothing, marital rights, and the possibility of redemption or release without payment if mistreated (Exodus 21:10-11; Deuteronomy 21:14). • Male release after six years often meant returning to poverty. A daughter-servant either married into the household or was redeemed, positioning her for long-term provision (compare Proverbs 31:21-22). • Thus, the phrase “as the menservants do” highlights complementary, not inferior, treatment—each according to need. summary Exodus 21:7 shows God’s compassionate regulation of indentured service. A father facing destitution could place his daughter in another home, where she would be protected, provided for, and potentially married. Unlike male servants who left after six years to uncertain futures, the daughter stayed until redemption or marriage, ensuring lifelong security. The law reveals God’s concern for the vulnerable, balancing family hardship with safeguards that uphold dignity and covenant faithfulness. |
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