What is the meaning of Romans 11:20?

They were broken off because of unbelief

– “That is correct: They were broken off because of unbelief…” (Romans 11:20a)

• Paul is referring to ethnic Israel, the natural branches (Romans 11:17).

• Their unbelief—persistent refusal to trust the Messiah—caused God to remove them from the cultivated olive tree of covenant blessing (John 12:37-40; Hebrews 3:19).

• The warning shows that covenant position is never guaranteed apart from genuine faith (Romans 11:23).

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but you stand by faith

– “…but you stand by faith.” (Romans 11:20b)

• Gentile believers now share the root and fatness of the olive tree, not by heritage but by trusting Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9).

• Standing is a gift of grace—God “makes us stand firm in Christ” (2 Corinthians 1:24).

• We remain rooted and built up “just as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness” (Colossians 2:6-7; 1 Peter 5:12).

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Do not be arrogant

– “Do not be arrogant…” (Romans 11:20c)

• The temptation is to boast over Israel’s fall, forgetting that all are saved the same way (Romans 12:3; 1 Corinthians 4:7).

• Scripture repeatedly warns that pride goes before destruction (Proverbs 16:18) and that God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6).

• Humility keeps us grateful and prayerful for Israel’s future restoration (Romans 11:26-27).

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but be afraid

– “…but be afraid.” (Romans 11:20d)

• “Fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge” (Proverbs 1:7). Healthy reverence guards against complacency (Philippians 2:12).

• Israel’s example warns believers: “If you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don’t fall” (1 Corinthians 10:12).

• Continuing faith is evidenced by abiding in Christ; those who do not remain are cast out like branches and burned (John 15:6; Hebrews 4:1).

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summary

Israel’s branches were broken off because they rejected Christ, showing that unbelief forfeits covenant privilege. Gentiles now stand only by faith, a grace-gift that leaves no room for pride. Instead of boasting, believers cultivate a humble, reverent fear—aware that perseverance in faith is essential. This passage calls every follower of Jesus to gratitude, humility, and ongoing trust in the Savior. (For personal guidance, seek counsel from mature believers or pastoral leadership.)