Why does Deuteronomy 22:10 prohibit plowing with an ox and donkey together? Context of the Command • Deuteronomy 22 collects varied instructions that shape everyday holiness for Israel. • Verse 10 reads: “You must not plow with an ox and a donkey together.” • The command comes amid rules that forbid mixing unlike things (vv. 9, 11), echoing Leviticus 19:19’s ban on breeding different kinds of animals or mixing seed and fabric. Practical Reasons • Unequal strength and gait – An ox is far stronger; a donkey tires quickly, leading to inefficient plowing and frustration. • Different temperaments – Oxen are steady, donkeys more skittish; the mismatch endangers both animals and the farmer. • Varied dietary laws – An ox (a clean animal) and a donkey (an unclean animal) would not share the same food sources without violating clean/unclean distinctions (cf. Deuteronomy 14:4-8). Compassionate Care for Animals • Deuteronomy often safeguards vulnerable creatures (22:6-7; 25:4). • Yoking disparate animals would inflict needless strain—contrary to Israel’s call to mercy toward all God’s creatures (Proverbs 12:10). Symbolic / Theological Significance • A visible reminder that God’s people are to remain distinct, unmixed with pagan practices. • Protects covenant identity: as ox and donkey differ, so Israel must differ from surrounding nations in worship and lifestyle (Exodus 19:5-6). • Reinforces holiness’s wholeness—everything, even farming, proclaims God’s order. Echoes in the New Testament • 2 Corinthians 6:14 draws on the imagery: “Do not be unequally yoked with unbelievers.” The principle of incompatible partners now applies relationally and spiritually. • Matthew 11:29-30 shows Jesus offering a well-fitted “yoke,” contrasting the misery of an ill-matched one. Living It Out Today • Honor God’s design—match people, tools, and commitments wisely. • Treat animals and creation with kindness, avoiding exploitation. • Guard spiritual partnerships, ensuring unity in faith and purpose. |
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