2 Kings 21:6

He sacrificed his own son in the fire, practiced sorcery and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

Study Bible

He sacrificed his son in the fire
This phrase refers to the abominable practice of child sacrifice, which was prevalent among some ancient Near Eastern cultures, notably the worshipers of Molech. The Hebrew word for "sacrificed" (עָבַר, 'abar) implies a crossing over or passing through, often associated with fire. This act was strictly forbidden in the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 18:21), highlighting the depth of Manasseh's apostasy. It serves as a stark reminder of the spiritual and moral decline that can occur when God's commandments are ignored.

practiced sorcery and divination
The Hebrew words for "sorcery" (כָּשַׁף, kashaph) and "divination" (נָחַשׁ, nachash) indicate attempts to manipulate or predict the future through occult means. These practices were condemned in Deuteronomy 18:10-12, as they represented a reliance on powers other than God. Historically, such practices were common in surrounding pagan nations, and their adoption by Israel's king signifies a profound departure from reliance on Yahweh.

consulted mediums and spiritists
The terms "mediums" (אוֹב, 'ov) and "spiritists" (יִדְּעֹנִי, yidde'oni) refer to individuals who claimed to communicate with the dead or with spirits. This was another form of idolatry and rebellion against God, as it sought guidance from sources other than the divine revelation given to Israel. The presence of these practices in Manasseh's reign illustrates the extent of his spiritual corruption and the influence of pagan cultures.

He did great evil in the sight of the LORD
The phrase "great evil" (רַע, ra') underscores the severity of Manasseh's actions. In the biblical narrative, "evil" is often associated with actions that are directly opposed to God's will and character. The "sight of the LORD" (עֵינֵי יְהוָה, 'enei Yahweh) emphasizes that nothing is hidden from God, and He is the ultimate judge of human actions. This serves as a sobering reminder of the accountability each person has before God.

provoking Him to anger
The Hebrew root for "provoking" (כָּעַס, ka'as) conveys the idea of inciting or stirring up anger. God's anger is not capricious but is a righteous response to sin and rebellion. Manasseh's actions were not only personal failings but also led the nation of Judah into sin, thus provoking God's just wrath. This highlights the seriousness of leading others astray and the consequences of turning away from God's covenant.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Manasseh
The king of Judah who reigned for 55 years and is known for his idolatrous practices and leading Judah into sin.

2. Judah
The southern kingdom of Israel, where Manasseh ruled, and which was influenced by his actions.

3. Sorcery and Divination
Practices condemned by God, involving attempts to gain knowledge or power through supernatural means other than God.

4. Mediums and Spiritists
Individuals who claim to communicate with the dead or spirits, practices forbidden in the Law of Moses.

5. The LORD's Anger
The response of God to the evil practices of Manasseh, highlighting the seriousness of his sins.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Idolatry
Manasseh's actions led to severe consequences for Judah, reminding us of the destructive nature of idolatry and sin.

The Importance of Obedience
God's laws against sorcery and divination are clear, and obedience to His commands is crucial for a faithful life.

God's Anger and Justice
The passage highlights that God is just and His anger is kindled by sin, urging us to live righteously.

Repentance and Restoration
Despite Manasseh's grave sins, his later repentance shows that God's mercy is available to all who turn back to Him.

Guarding Against Cultural Influences
Manasseh was influenced by surrounding pagan practices, teaching us to be vigilant against cultural pressures that lead us away from God.

Bible Study Questions

1. What specific actions did Manasseh take that provoked the LORD's anger, and how do these actions relate to God's commandments in the Law of Moses?

2. How does Manasseh's account illustrate the consequences of turning away from God, and what can we learn about the nature of sin and its impact on a community?

3. In what ways can we guard against modern forms of idolatry and practices that are contrary to God's Word?

4. How does the account of Manasseh's eventual repentance and God's forgiveness encourage us in our own spiritual journeys?

5. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure that we are not influenced by ungodly cultural practices, and how can we support each other in this effort?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 18:21
This verse forbids child sacrifice, which Manasseh violated by sacrificing his son.

Deuteronomy 18:10-12
These verses explicitly prohibit sorcery, divination, and consulting with mediums, which Manasseh practiced.

2 Chronicles 33:12-13
Chronicles Manasseh's eventual repentance, showing God's mercy even after great sin.

Isaiah 8:19
Warns against consulting mediums and spiritists, emphasizing reliance on God instead.

Romans 1:18-32
Describes the consequences of turning away from God to idolatry and wickedness, similar to Manasseh's actions.