2 Kings 23:34

Then Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah, and he changed Eliakim's name to Jehoiakim. But Neco took Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt, where he died.

Study Bible

Pharaoh Neco
This phrase refers to Pharaoh Necho II, a significant historical figure and ruler of Egypt during the late 7th century BC. His involvement in the politics of Judah highlights the geopolitical tensions of the time. Necho's influence over Judah demonstrates the waning power of the Davidic line and the increasing dominance of foreign powers over Israel. Historically, Necho was known for his military campaigns and his attempt to control the region, which included the famous Battle of Megiddo where King Josiah was killed.

made Eliakim son of Josiah king
The act of Pharaoh Neco appointing Eliakim as king underscores the loss of Judah's sovereignty. Eliakim, meaning "God will establish" in Hebrew, was chosen by Necho, indicating that the king of Judah was now a vassal under Egyptian control. This imposition of leadership reflects the broader theme of divine judgment and the consequences of the nation's disobedience to God.

in place of his father Josiah
Josiah was a revered king known for his religious reforms and dedication to Yahweh. His death marked a turning point for Judah, as subsequent kings failed to maintain his spiritual legacy. The phrase emphasizes the transition from a godly king to one placed by a foreign ruler, symbolizing a departure from divine favor.

and changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim
The renaming of Eliakim to Jehoiakim, which means "Yahweh will raise," is significant. In ancient Near Eastern culture, renaming often signified authority and control. By changing Eliakim's name, Necho asserted his dominance and perhaps sought to redefine the king's identity and destiny. This act can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual and political subjugation of Judah.

But Neco took Jehoahaz
Jehoahaz, the brother of Eliakim, had initially been made king by the people of Judah. His removal by Necho illustrates the futility of human plans when they are not aligned with God's will. Jehoahaz's short reign and subsequent capture serve as a reminder of the consequences of straying from God's covenant.

and carried him off to Egypt
The phrase signifies exile, a recurring theme in the history of Israel and Judah. Being taken to Egypt, a land historically associated with bondage, symbolizes a reversal of the Exodus and a return to subjugation. This act of deportation is a physical manifestation of the spiritual decline of the nation.

where he died
The death of Jehoahaz in Egypt without returning to his homeland is a tragic end that underscores the severity of divine judgment. It serves as a sobering reminder of the ultimate fate of those who lead God's people away from His commandments. This phrase encapsulates the loss of potential and the finality of God's judgment when His people persist in disobedience.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh Neco
The Egyptian Pharaoh who exerted influence over Judah during this period. He was involved in the political affairs of the region, including the appointment of kings.

2. Eliakim/Jehoiakim
Son of Josiah, whose name was changed by Pharaoh Neco when he was made king. This name change signifies a shift in allegiance and authority.

3. Josiah
The righteous king of Judah, father of Eliakim/Jehoiakim, known for his religious reforms and dedication to God.

4. Jehoahaz
Another son of Josiah, who was initially made king but was deposed by Pharaoh Neco and taken to Egypt, where he died.

5. Egypt
The powerful neighboring nation that played a significant role in the politics of Judah during this time, symbolizing foreign influence and control.

Teaching Points

Divine Sovereignty vs. Human Authority
Despite human political maneuvers, God's sovereignty remains supreme. The appointment of Jehoiakim by Pharaoh Neco shows the temporary nature of human authority.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Jehoahaz's removal and death in Egypt serve as a reminder of the consequences of straying from God's path and the futility of relying on foreign powers.

The Importance of Names and Identity
The changing of Eliakim's name to Jehoiakim signifies a shift in identity and allegiance. Believers are reminded to find their identity in Christ, not in worldly powers.

The Influence of Foreign Powers
The political influence of Egypt over Judah illustrates the dangers of allowing external forces to dictate the spiritual and political direction of God's people.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the appointment of Jehoiakim by Pharaoh Neco illustrate the tension between divine sovereignty and human political power?

2. In what ways does the fate of Jehoahaz serve as a warning for believers today about the consequences of disobedience to God?

3. What significance does the changing of Eliakim's name to Jehoiakim have, and how can this be related to the importance of maintaining a Christian identity?

4. How does the influence of Egypt over Judah in this passage reflect the broader biblical theme of reliance on foreign powers, and what lessons can we draw for our own lives?

5. How can we apply the lessons from this passage to ensure that our trust and allegiance remain firmly rooted in God rather than in worldly authorities or influences?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Chronicles 36:1-4
This passage provides a parallel account of the events, offering additional details about the political dynamics and the role of Pharaoh Neco.

Jeremiah 22:11-12
These verses speak about Jehoahaz (also called Shallum), highlighting his fate and the consequences of his reign.

Isaiah 31:1
This verse warns against relying on Egypt for help, which can be seen as a broader theme of misplaced trust in foreign powers.