2 Kings 3:10

"Alas," said the king of Israel, "for the LORD has summoned these three kings to deliver them into the hand of Moab!"

Study Bible

Then the king of Israel said
This phrase introduces us to the speaker, the king of Israel, who at this time is Jehoram, son of Ahab. Jehoram's reign is marked by a departure from the ways of his father, yet he still clings to certain idolatrous practices. His words reflect a moment of crisis and fear, revealing his character and lack of faith. Historically, the kings of Israel often found themselves in precarious situations due to their disobedience to God, and Jehoram's reaction is typical of a leader who does not fully trust in the LORD.

Alas
The word "alas" is an expression of lament or distress. In Hebrew, this is often expressed as "hôy," a cry used in times of mourning or impending doom. Jehoram's use of this word indicates his despair and the gravity of the situation. It reflects a common human response to overwhelming circumstances, especially when one feels abandoned or without hope.

for the LORD has summoned
The phrase "the LORD has summoned" suggests divine intervention or orchestration. In Hebrew, the word for "summoned" can be linked to "qara," meaning to call or proclaim. Jehoram attributes the dire situation to the LORD's will, perhaps acknowledging God's sovereignty, albeit with a sense of resignation rather than trust. This reflects a theological understanding that God is in control, even when His purposes are not immediately clear to us.

these three kings
The "three kings" refer to Jehoram of Israel, Jehoshaphat of Judah, and the king of Edom. This alliance was formed to combat the rebellion of Moab. Historically, such alliances were common in the ancient Near East as a means of mutual protection and strength. However, the inclusion of Jehoshaphat, a king who sought to follow the LORD, adds a layer of complexity, as it shows the tension between political expediency and spiritual fidelity.

to deliver them into the hand of Moab
The phrase "to deliver them into the hand of Moab" indicates a perceived outcome of defeat. In Hebrew, "deliver" often comes from "nathan," meaning to give or place. Jehoram fears that God has orchestrated their downfall, delivering them to their enemies. Moab, historically a frequent adversary of Israel, represents the threat of external forces that challenge God's people. This reflects a broader biblical theme of reliance on God versus reliance on human alliances and strategies.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King of Israel
At this time, the king of Israel is Jehoram, the son of Ahab. He is leading the coalition against Moab.

2. King of Judah
Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, is known for his faithfulness to God and is part of the alliance against Moab.

3. King of Edom
The unnamed king of Edom joins the coalition with Israel and Judah against Moab.

4. Moab
A neighboring nation that rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab, leading to this military campaign.

5. The LORD
The God of Israel, whom Jehoram blames for their predicament, showing a lack of faith and understanding.

Teaching Points

Trust in God, Not Circumstances
Jehoram's reaction shows a lack of faith. Believers are encouraged to trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Importance of Godly Alliances
Jehoshaphat's presence in the alliance reminds us of the importance of surrounding ourselves with those who seek God's will.

Recognizing God's Sovereignty
Jehoram's statement reflects a misunderstanding of God's control. Believers should recognize that God is sovereign and His plans are for our ultimate good.

The Danger of Blame
Jehoram's blame of God for their situation serves as a warning against shifting responsibility away from our own decisions and actions.

Seeking God's Guidance
The account encourages believers to seek God's guidance in all decisions, especially in times of crisis.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jehoram's reaction in 2 Kings 3:10 reflect his understanding of God's character, and how can we ensure our understanding aligns with Scripture?

2. In what ways does Jehoshaphat's involvement in this alliance demonstrate the importance of godly counsel, and how can we apply this in our own lives?

3. How can we cultivate a trust in God's sovereignty similar to that described in Psalm 20:7, especially when facing challenging circumstances?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to avoid blaming God or others when we encounter difficulties, as Jehoram did?

5. How can we actively seek God's guidance in our daily decisions, and what role does prayer and Scripture play in this process?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Kings 22
This chapter provides background on Jehoshaphat's previous alliance with Ahab, Jehoram's father, and highlights Jehoshaphat's consistent reliance on God's guidance.

2 Chronicles 20
Offers insight into Jehoshaphat's character and his reliance on God during a different military crisis, contrasting with Jehoram's response.

Psalm 20:7
Emphasizes trust in the name of the LORD rather than in military might, contrasting with Jehoram's despair.