Deuteronomy 9:19

For I was afraid of the anger and wrath that the LORD had directed against you, enough to destroy you. But the LORD listened to me this time as well.

Study Bible

For I was afraid
The Hebrew word for "afraid" is יָרֵא (yare), which conveys a deep sense of fear or reverence. In this context, Moses expresses a profound awareness of the seriousness of God's anger. This fear is not merely an emotional response but a recognition of God's holiness and justice. It serves as a reminder of the gravity of sin and the importance of approaching God with humility and respect.

of the anger and wrath
The terms "anger" (אַף, aph) and "wrath" (חֵמָה, chemah) are often used in the Old Testament to describe God's righteous indignation against sin. These words highlight the intensity of God's response to Israel's disobedience. Historically, God's anger is not capricious but is always a response to covenant unfaithfulness. This serves as a warning to the Israelites and to believers today about the consequences of turning away from God's commands.

that the LORD had directed against you
The phrase emphasizes the personal nature of God's response to Israel's sin. The use of "LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) underscores the covenant relationship between God and His people. It is a reminder that God's actions are always in the context of His covenant promises. The historical context here is the aftermath of the golden calf incident, where Israel's idolatry provoked God's anger. This serves as a lesson on the seriousness of idolatry and the need for faithfulness to God.

enough to destroy you
The Hebrew word for "destroy" (שָׁמַד, shamad) indicates complete annihilation. This phrase underscores the severity of the situation and the potential consequences of Israel's sin. It reflects the just nature of God, who cannot tolerate sin. However, it also sets the stage for understanding God's mercy, as He ultimately chooses not to destroy Israel. This duality of justice and mercy is a central theme in the biblical narrative.

But again the LORD listened to me
The word "again" suggests a repeated action, indicating that Moses had interceded for the people on multiple occasions. The Hebrew root for "listened" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies not just hearing but responding favorably. This highlights the power of intercessory prayer and the role of a mediator. Moses' intercession is a foreshadowing of Christ's mediatory work. It also demonstrates God's willingness to relent from judgment in response to sincere prayer, emphasizing His mercy and grace.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who intercedes on their behalf. He is a central figure in the Pentateuch and is known for his close relationship with God.

2. The LORD (Yahweh)
The God of Israel, who is depicted as having righteous anger towards the Israelites due to their disobedience and idolatry.

3. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who have repeatedly disobeyed Him, leading to His anger and the need for Moses' intercession.

4. Mount Sinai
The place where Moses received the Ten Commandments and where the Israelites committed the sin of idolatry by worshiping the golden calf.

5. The Golden Calf Incident
A significant event where the Israelites created and worshiped a golden calf while Moses was on Mount Sinai, leading to God's anger.

Teaching Points

The Power of Intercession
Moses' intercession highlights the importance of standing in the gap for others in prayer. Believers are called to pray for one another, especially in times of spiritual crisis.

Understanding God's Righteous Anger
God's anger is a response to sin and disobedience. It is important to recognize the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance to restore our relationship with God.

The Role of a Mediator
Moses serves as a mediator between God and the Israelites, pointing to the ultimate mediator, Jesus Christ, who intercedes for us before the Father.

The Importance of Obedience
The Israelites' disobedience serves as a warning to believers about the consequences of turning away from God's commands. Obedience is crucial in maintaining a right relationship with God.

God's Mercy and Forgiveness
Despite His anger, God listens to Moses and spares the Israelites, demonstrating His mercy and willingness to forgive when we turn back to Him.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Moses' role as an intercessor in Deuteronomy 9:19 inspire you to pray for others in your life?

2. In what ways can understanding God's righteous anger help you in your personal walk with Him?

3. How does the concept of a mediator in the Old Testament point to the work of Jesus Christ in the New Testament?

4. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's mercy and forgiveness. How did it impact your relationship with Him?

5. What steps can you take to ensure obedience to God's commands in your daily life, and how can you encourage others to do the same?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 32
This chapter provides the detailed account of the golden calf incident, which is the backdrop for Moses' intercession in Deuteronomy 9:19.

Numbers 14
Another instance where Moses intercedes for the Israelites when they refuse to enter the Promised Land, demonstrating his role as an intercessor.

Psalm 106
Reflects on the history of Israel's rebellion and God's mercy, highlighting the importance of intercession and repentance.

Hebrews 3
Discusses the faithfulness of Moses as a servant in God's house, drawing a parallel to the faithfulness required of believers.