Exodus 5:4

But the king of Egypt said to them, "Moses and Aaron, why do you draw the people away from their work? Get back to your labor!"

Study Bible

But the king of Egypt said
This phrase introduces Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, who is a central figure in the narrative of the Exodus. Historically, Pharaohs were considered divine or semi-divine figures, wielding absolute power. In the Hebrew context, Pharaoh represents the epitome of earthly authority and opposition to God's will. The Hebrew word for "king" here is "מֶלֶךְ" (melek), emphasizing his role as a sovereign ruler. This sets the stage for the confrontation between God's chosen leaders and the earthly power of Egypt.

Moses and Aaron
These two figures are pivotal in the deliverance of the Israelites. Moses, whose name in Hebrew, "מֹשֶׁה" (Moshe), means "drawn out," signifies his role in drawing the Israelites out of Egypt. Aaron, his brother, serves as his spokesperson and high priest. Their partnership is a testament to God's provision and the importance of leadership and support in fulfilling divine missions. Historically, Moses and Aaron are seen as archetypes of prophetic and priestly roles, respectively.

why do you draw the people away from their work?
Pharaoh's question reveals his concern for maintaining control over the Israelites, who were enslaved and forced into labor. The Hebrew word for "draw" is "פָּרַע" (para), which can also mean to let loose or free. This highlights the tension between Pharaoh's desire to keep the Israelites in bondage and God's plan for their liberation. The phrase underscores the oppressive nature of the Israelites' bondage and Pharaoh's resistance to God's command.

Get back to your labor!
This command from Pharaoh is a direct assertion of his authority and a refusal to acknowledge the divine mandate given to Moses and Aaron. The Hebrew word for "labor" is "סֵבֶל" (sevel), which implies burdensome toil and suffering. This reflects the harsh conditions under which the Israelites lived and worked. Pharaoh's insistence on their return to labor symbolizes the spiritual and physical bondage from which God intends to free His people. This phrase serves as a reminder of the struggle between human authority and divine will, and the ultimate triumph of God's purposes.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The king of Egypt, representing the oppressive power and authority that enslaved the Israelites. His heart was hardened against God's command to let His people go.

2. Moses
The chosen leader of the Israelites, called by God to deliver His people from Egyptian bondage. Moses is a central figure in the account of Exodus, representing obedience to God's call.

3. Aaron
Moses' brother and spokesperson, who assisted Moses in confronting Pharaoh. Aaron played a crucial role in communicating God's demands to Pharaoh.

4. The Israelites
The enslaved people of God in Egypt, whose labor was exploited by Pharaoh. They represent God's chosen people, longing for freedom and deliverance.

5. Egypt
The land where the Israelites were enslaved, symbolizing a place of bondage and oppression. It serves as a backdrop for God's mighty acts of deliverance.

Teaching Points

Understanding Oppression
Pharaoh's response highlights the nature of oppressive systems that prioritize productivity over people. Reflect on modern parallels and the importance of valuing human dignity.

God's Call to Leadership
Moses and Aaron's roles remind us of the importance of answering God's call, even in the face of opposition. Consider how God might be calling you to lead or serve in challenging circumstances.

The Cost of Obedience
Obeying God's commands can lead to increased resistance and hardship, as seen in Pharaoh's reaction. Be prepared for challenges when following God's will.

Trust in God's Deliverance
Despite Pharaoh's refusal, God's plan for deliverance was unwavering. Trust in God's promises and His ability to overcome any obstacle.

Rest in God's Provision
Contrast the burdens of labor under Pharaoh with the spiritual rest offered by God. Seek rest in God's presence and provision, especially during times of stress and toil.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Pharaoh's response to Moses and Aaron reflect the nature of oppressive systems, and what modern examples can you identify?

2. In what ways can Moses and Aaron's obedience to God's call inspire you to take action in your own life, even when facing opposition?

3. How does the concept of rest in Hebrews 4:9-11 relate to the Israelites' experience in Egypt, and how can you apply this understanding to your spiritual life?

4. What are some practical ways you can trust in God's deliverance when facing difficult situations, as seen in the account of Exodus?

5. How can Jesus' invitation in Matthew 11:28-30 provide comfort and rest in your current circumstances, and how can you share this message with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 3:10-12
God's initial call to Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt, highlighting the divine mission and assurance of God's presence.

Exodus 6:1
God's promise of deliverance, emphasizing His power over Pharaoh and His commitment to freeing His people.

Matthew 11:28-30
Jesus' invitation to find rest in Him, contrasting the burdens imposed by Pharaoh with the rest offered by Christ.

Hebrews 4:9-11
The concept of rest for God's people, connecting the physical labor in Egypt with the spiritual rest found in faith.