◄ Ezekiel 18:16 ►
He does not oppress another, or retain a pledge, or commit robbery. He gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.
Study Bible
He does not oppress another,

This phrase emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in interpersonal relationships. In the context of ancient Israel, oppression often involved exploiting the poor or vulnerable, contrary to the Mosaic Law, which called for justice and care for the marginalized (Exodus 22:21-24). The prophets frequently condemned oppression, highlighting God's concern for the downtrodden (Isaiah 1:17). This reflects God's character as just and compassionate, and it foreshadows the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized love and justice (Matthew 23:23).

Lev 19:13 You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him.…
Zec 7:10 Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless,…
Jer 22:3 This is what the LORD says: Administer justice…

or retain a pledge,

In ancient times, a pledge was a form of collateral for a loan. The Law of Moses provided specific instructions regarding pledges, such as returning a poor man's cloak by sunset (Exodus 22:26-27; Deuteronomy 24:12-13). This ensured that the dignity and basic needs of the borrower were respected. The refusal to retain a pledge unjustly demonstrates integrity and compassion, aligning with the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor (Leviticus 19:18).

Exo 22:26-27 If you take your neighbor’s cloak as collateral,…
Deu 24:10-13 When you lend anything to your neighbor,…
Amo 2:8 They lie down beside every altar on garments taken in pledge…

or commit robbery.

Robbery, the unlawful taking of another's property, was strictly prohibited in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:15). This phrase underscores the importance of respecting others' rights and property. The prophets often rebuked Israel for such injustices, which were symptomatic of a broader societal decay (Micah 2:2). This call to honesty and respect for others' possessions is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are urged to live righteously (Ephesians 4:28).

Pro 22:22 Do not rob a poor man because he is poor,…
Isa 61:8 For I, the LORD, love justice; I hate robbery…
Eph 4:28 He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work…

He gives his bread to the hungry

Providing for the hungry is a recurring biblical theme, reflecting God's heart for the needy (Isaiah 58:7). In the ancient Near East, hospitality and sharing food were vital cultural practices. This act of generosity is a tangible expression of love and obedience to God's commands (Proverbs 22:9). Jesus exemplified this by feeding the multitudes (Matthew 14:13-21) and teaching His followers to care for the least of these (Matthew 25:35).

Mat 25:35 For I was hungry and you gave Me something to eat,…
Isa 58:10 if you give yourself to the hungry and satisfy…
Pro 25:21 If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat,…

and covers the naked with clothing.

Clothing the naked is another expression of compassion and justice. In biblical times, clothing was a basic necessity, and providing it was a sign of mercy and righteousness (Job 31:19-20). This act is part of the broader biblical mandate to care for the poor and vulnerable. Jesus' parable of the sheep and the goats highlights the importance of such deeds as evidence of true faith (Matthew 25:36). This reflects God's provision and care, as seen in His covering of Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:21).

Mat 25:36 I was naked and you clothed Me, I was sick…
Isa 58:7 Isn’t it to share your bread with the hungry,…
Job 31:19-20 if I have seen one perish for lack of clothing,…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ezekiel
A prophet in the Old Testament who conveyed God's messages to the Israelites during their Babylonian exile. His prophecies often focused on individual responsibility and the need for personal righteousness.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel, who were in exile in Babylon at the time of Ezekiel's prophecies. They were being called to repentance and personal accountability for their actions.

3. Babylon
The place of exile for the Israelites, representing a period of judgment and reflection for the nation of Israel.
Teaching Points
Personal Responsibility
Each individual is accountable for their actions. Ezekiel 18:16 highlights the importance of personal righteousness and integrity in our dealings with others.

Compassion and Justice
The verse calls believers to act justly and compassionately, restoring what is owed and providing for those in need. This reflects God's heart for justice and mercy.

Practical Love
True love for others is demonstrated through tangible actions, such as feeding the hungry and clothing the naked. This is a call to live out our faith in practical ways.

Repentance and Change
The context of Ezekiel 18 encourages turning away from sin and embracing a life that honors God through righteous actions.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Ezekiel 18:16 challenge our understanding of personal responsibility in our daily lives?

2. In what ways can we apply the principles of justice and compassion from this verse in our communities today?

3. How do the actions described in Ezekiel 18:16 reflect the character of God, and how can we emulate these in our own lives?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure we are not oppressing others but instead are actively helping those in need?

5. How do the teachings in Ezekiel 18:16 connect with Jesus' teachings in the New Testament, particularly in Matthew 25:35-36? How can this influence our approach to serving others?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 19:18
This verse emphasizes loving your neighbor as yourself, which aligns with the actions described in Ezekiel 18:16, such as not oppressing others and caring for the needy.

Isaiah 58:7
This passage speaks about true fasting, which includes sharing food with the hungry and providing shelter to the homeless, echoing the compassionate actions mentioned in Ezekiel 18:16.

Matthew 25:35-36
Jesus speaks about feeding the hungry and clothing the naked as acts of righteousness, directly connecting to the behaviors described in Ezekiel 18:16.
Sermons
The Moral AlternativeJ.R. Thomson Ezekiel 18:5-18
God's Remonstrance with Man's ReasonJ.D. Davies Ezekiel 18:5-24
Personal Character Sad DestinyW. Jones Ezekiel 18:10-20
People
Ezekiel
Places
Babylon
Topics
Anyone, Anything, Aught, Bound, Bread, Clothing, Commit, Commits, Covered, Covers, Debt, Exacts, Exercised, Force, Garment, Gives, Goods, Hungry, Loan, Naked, Oppress, Oppressed, Pledge, Plunder, Provides, Require, Retain, Robbery, Spoiled, Stripped, Violence, Withheld, Withholden, Wrong, Wronged
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezekiel 18:1-20

     6160   fathers, sin of

Ezekiel 18:1-32

     6026   sin, judgment on
     6206   offence

Ezekiel 18:16-17

     5274   credit

Library
Sins of Parents visited
Eversley. 19th Sunday after Trinity, 1868. Ezekiel xviii. 1-4. "The word of the Lord came unto me again, saying, What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge? As I live, saith the Lord God, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel. Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall …
Charles Kingsley—All Saints' Day and Other Sermons

God's Curse on Sin.
"Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord God. Repent and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin."--EZEKIEL xviii. 30. These words of Ezekiel may be understood as expressing in the prophet's language what the Book of Deuteronomy expresses in such denunciations as those which were read to us the other day in the Commination Service. They correspond also to the warning of St. Paul when he says--"Be not …
John Percival—Sermons at Rugby

Divine Impartiality Considered.
"For there is no respect of persons with God." The divine impartiality is often asserted in the holy scriptures; and the assertion coincides with our natural ideas of deity. The pagans indeed attributed to their Gods, the vices, follies and weaknesses of men! But the beings whom they adored were mostly taken from among men, and might be considered as retaining human imperfections,--Had unbiased reason been consulted to find out a supreme being, a different object would have been exhibited to view. …
Andrew Lee et al—Sermons on Various Important Subjects

True Repentance
EZEKIEL xviii. 27. When the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness which he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive. We hear a great deal about repentance, and how necessary it is for a man to repent of his sins; for unless a man repent, he cannot be forgiven. But do we all of us really know what repentance means? I sometimes fear not. I sometimes fear, that though this text stands at the opening of the Church service, and though people hear it …
Charles Kingsley—The Good News of God

Of the Examination of Conscience, and Purpose of Amendment
The Voice of the Beloved Above all things the priest of God must draw nigh, with all humility of heart and supplicating reverence, with full faith and pious desire for the honour of God, to celebrate, minister, and receive this Sacrament. Diligently examine thy conscience and with all thy might with true contrition and humble confession cleanse and purify it, so that thou mayest feel no burden, nor know anything which bringeth thee remorse and impedeth thy free approach. Have displeasure against …
Thomas A Kempis—Imitation of Christ

The Theology of Grace.
The theology which Augustin opposed, in his anti-Pelagian writings, to the errors of Pelagianism, is, shortly, the theology of grace. Its roots were planted deeply in his own experience, and in the teachings of Scripture, especially of that apostle whom he delights to call "the great preacher of grace," and to follow whom, in his measure, was his greatest desire. The grace of God in Jesus Christ, conveyed to us by the Holy Spirit and evidenced by the love that He sheds abroad in our hearts, is the …
St. Augustine—Anti-Pelagian Writings

The Abbots Euroul and Loumon.
To the examples already given in the previous biographies, of the power which religion exercised over the rough and savage mind, we may add the following. The abbot Ebrolf (Euroul) had settled with his monks in a thick forest, infested by wild beasts and robbers. One of the robbers came to them, and, struck with reverence at their aspect, said to them: "Ye have chosen no fit dwelling for you here. The inhabitants of this forest live by plunder, and will not tolerate any one amongst them who maintains …
Augustus Neander—Light in the Dark Places

A Startling Statement
TEXT: "The wicked shall not be unpunished."--Prov. 11:21. There are very many passages of Scripture which ought to be read in connection with this text; as for example, "Fools make a mock at sin" (Proverbs 14:9), for only a fool would. Better trifle with the pestilence and expose one's self to the plague than to discount the blighting effects of sin. And, again, "The soul that sinneth it shall die" (Ezekiel 18:4). From this clear statement of the word of God there is no escape. Or, again, "Our …
J. Wilbur Chapman—And Judas Iscariot

General Character of Christians.
"And they that are Christ's have crucified the Flesh, with the Affections and Lusts." St. Paul is supposed to have been the first herald of gospel grace to the Galatians; and they appear to have rejoiced at the glad tidings, and to have received the bearer with much respect. But after his departure, certain judaizing teachers went among them, and labored but too successfully, to alienate their affections from him, and turn them form the simplicity of the gospel. The malice and errors of those deceitful …
Andrew Lee et al—Sermons on Various Important Subjects

The Wicked Husbandmen.
"Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country: and when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it. And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another. Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto …
William Arnot—The Parables of Our Lord

The Same Necessary and Eternal Different Relations
that different things bear one to another, and the same consequent fitness or unfitness of the application of different things or different relations one to another, with regard to which the will of God always and necessarily does determine itself, to choose to act only what is agreeable to justice, equity, goodness, and truth, in order to the welfare of the whole universe, ought likewise constantly to determine the wills of all subordinate rational beings, to govern all their actions by the same …
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

Some Man Will Say, "So Then any Thief Whatever is to be Accounted Equal...
19. Some man will say, "So then any thief whatever is to be accounted equal with that thief who steals with will of mercy?" Who would say this? But of these two it does not follow that any is good, because one is worse. He is worse who steals through coveting, than he who steals through pity: but if all theft be sin, from all theft we must abstain. For who can say that people may sin, even though one sin be damnable, another venial? but now we are asking, if a man shall do this or that, who will …
St. Augustine—Against Lying

"He is the Rock, his Work is Perfect, for all his Ways are Judgment, a God of Truth, and Without Iniquity, Just and Right is He.
Deut. xxxii. 4, 5.--"He is the Rock, his work is perfect, for all his ways are judgment, a God of truth, and without iniquity, just and right is he. They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children," &c. There are none can behold their own vileness as it is, but in the sight of God's glorious holiness. Sin is darkness, and neither sees itself, nor any thing else, therefore must his light shine to discover this darkness. If we abide within ourselves, and men like ourselves, …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Jesus, My Rock.
When the storm and the tempest are raging around me, Oh! where shall I flee to be safe from their shock? There are walls which no mortal hands built to surround me, A Refuge Eternal,--'Tis JESUS MY ROCK! When my heart is all sorrow, and trials aggrieve me, To whom can I safely my secrets unlock? No bosom (save one) has the power to relieve me, The bosom which bled for me, JESUS MY ROCK! When Life's gloomy curtain, at last, shall close o'er me, And the chill hand of death unexpectedly knock, I will …
John Ross Macduff—The Cities of Refuge: or, The Name of Jesus

And for Your Fearlessness against them Hold this Sure Sign -- Whenever There Is...
43. And for your fearlessness against them hold this sure sign--whenever there is any apparition, be not prostrate with fear, but whatsoever it be, first boldly ask, Who art thou? And from whence comest thou? And if it should be a vision of holy ones they will assure you, and change your fear into joy. But if the vision should be from the devil, immediately it becomes feeble, beholding your firm purpose of mind. For merely to ask, Who art thou [1083] ? and whence comest thou? is a proof of coolness. …
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Meditations against Despair, or Doubting of God's Mercy.
It is found by continual experience, that near the time of death, when the children of God are weakest, then Satan makes the greatest nourish of his strength, and assails them with his strongest temptations. For he knows that either he must now or never prevail; for if their souls once go to heaven, he shall never vex nor trouble them any more. And therefore he will now bestir himself as much as he can, and labour to set before their eyes all the gross sins which ever they committed, and the judgments …
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

Concerning the Condition of Man in the Fall.
Concerning the Condition of Man in the Fall. [182] All Adam's posterity, or mankind, both Jews and Gentiles, as to the first Adam, or earthly man, is fallen, degenerated, and dead; deprived of the sensation or feeling of this inward testimony or seed of God; and is subject unto the power, nature, and seed of the serpent, which he soweth in men's hearts, while they abide in this natural and corrupted estate; from whence it comes, that not only their words and deeds, but all their imaginations, are …
Robert Barclay—Theses Theologicae and An Apology for the True Christian Divinity

"But we are all as an Unclean Thing, and all Our Righteousnesses are as Filthy Rags,"
Isaiah lxiv 6, 7.--"But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags," &c. This people's condition agreeth well with ours, though the Lord's dealing be very different. The confessory part of this prayer belongeth to us now; and strange it is, that there is such odds of the Lord's dispensations, when there is no difference in our conditions; always we know not how soon the complaint may be ours also. This prayer was prayed long before the judgment and captivity came …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Repentance and Restitution.
"God commandeth all men everywhere to repent."--Acts xvii. 30. Repentance is one of the fundamental doctrines of the Bible. Yet I believe it is one of those truths that many people little understand at the present day. There are more people to-day in the mist and darkness about Repentance, Regeneration, the Atonement, and such-like fundamental truths, than perhaps on any other doctrines. Yet from our earliest years we have heard about them. If I were to ask for a definition of Repentance, a great …
Dwight L. Moody—The Way to God and How to Find It

Perseverance Proved.
2. I REMARK, that God is able to preserve and keep the true saints from apostacy, in consistency with their liberty: 2 Tim. i. 12: "For the which cause I also suffer these things; nevertheless, I am not ashamed; for I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day." Here the apostle expresses the fullest confidence in the ability of Christ to keep him: and indeed, as has been said, it is most manifest that the apostles expected …
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Sanctification.
I. I will remind you of some points that have been settled in this course of study. 1. The true intent and meaning of the law of God has been, as I trust, ascertained in the lectures on moral government. Let this point if need be, be examined by reference to those lectures. 2. We have also seen, in those lectures, what is not, and what is implied in entire obedience to the moral law. 3. In those lectures, and also in the lectures on justification and repentance, it has been shown that nothing is …
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Letter ii (A. D. 1126) to the Monk Adam
To the Monk Adam [3] 1. If you remain yet in that spirit of charity which I either knew or believed to be with you formerly, you would certainly feel the condemnation with which charity must regard the scandal which you have given to the weak. For charity would not offend charity, nor scorn when it feels itself offended. For it cannot deny itself, nor be divided against itself. Its function is rather to draw together things divided; and it is far from dividing those that are joined. Now, if that …
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux—Some Letters of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux

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