Genesis 34:3

And his soul was drawn to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob. He loved the young girl and spoke to her tenderly.

Study Bible

And his soul was drawn
The phrase "his soul was drawn" indicates a deep emotional and psychological connection. The Hebrew word for "soul" is "nephesh," which often refers to the life force or inner being of a person. This suggests that Shechem's attraction to Dinah was not merely physical but involved his entire being. In the biblical context, the soul is the seat of emotions and desires, indicating a profound, albeit misguided, attachment. This highlights the complexity of human emotions and the potential for them to lead to both positive and negative actions.

to Dinah
Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, is a central figure in this narrative. Her name means "judged" or "vindicated" in Hebrew, which is significant given the unfolding events. Dinah's presence in Shechem's life becomes a catalyst for a series of actions that lead to conflict and moral questioning. Her account is a reminder of the vulnerability of individuals, especially women, in ancient societies and the importance of justice and protection within a community.

the daughter of Jacob
This phrase emphasizes Dinah's identity and lineage. As the daughter of Jacob, she is part of the covenant family chosen by God. This connection underscores the gravity of Shechem's actions, as they are not just against Dinah but also against the family and, by extension, the covenant community. The mention of Jacob highlights the patriarchal structure of the society and the protective role expected of fathers and brothers.

He loved the young girl
The word "loved" here is translated from the Hebrew "ahav," which can denote a range of affections from familial love to romantic desire. In this context, it suggests a complex mix of emotions that Shechem feels towards Dinah. However, given the preceding events, this love is tainted by selfishness and lack of respect for Dinah's autonomy. This serves as a cautionary tale about the nature of true love, which should be selfless and respectful.

and spoke to her tenderly
The phrase "spoke to her tenderly" indicates an attempt by Shechem to express affection and perhaps remorse. The Hebrew root "dabar" for "spoke" implies communication that is intentional and significant. "Tenderly" suggests a softness or gentleness in his approach, which contrasts sharply with his earlier actions. This juxtaposition highlights the inconsistency between words and deeds, reminding readers of the importance of integrity and genuine repentance in relationships.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Dinah
The daughter of Jacob and Leah, Dinah is the central female figure in this account. Her encounter with Shechem sets off a series of events that impact her family and the surrounding community.

2. Shechem
The son of Hamor the Hivite, Shechem is the man who becomes infatuated with Dinah. His actions towards her are pivotal in the unfolding account.

3. Jacob
The patriarch of the family, Jacob is Dinah's father. His response to the events involving Dinah and Shechem is crucial in understanding the family dynamics and cultural context.

4. Hamor
The father of Shechem, Hamor plays a role in the negotiations and interactions between his family and Jacob's family following the incident with Dinah.

5. Shechem (Place)
The city named after Hamor's son, it is the setting for the events of Genesis 34. It is a significant location in the biblical account, often associated with covenantal events.

Teaching Points

The Nature of True Love
True love respects and honors the other person, seeking their well-being above selfish desires. Shechem's actions, though described as love, lacked the selflessness and respect that characterize biblical love.

The Consequences of Sin
Sinful actions, especially those that violate others, have far-reaching consequences. The events following Shechem's actions demonstrate the ripple effect of sin on families and communities.

The Importance of Family and Community Response
How families and communities respond to sin and injustice is crucial. Jacob's initial silence and his sons' subsequent actions highlight the need for righteous and measured responses.

Cultural Context and God's Standards
While cultural norms may vary, God's standards for behavior and relationships remain constant. Believers are called to uphold these standards, even when they conflict with societal practices.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of Shechem's feelings towards Dinah in Genesis 34:3 compare to the biblical definition of love found in 1 Corinthians 13?

2. In what ways do the events of Genesis 34 illustrate the consequences of failing to adhere to God's standards for relationships and justice?

3. How can the account of Dinah and Shechem inform our understanding of the importance of family and community support in times of crisis?

4. What lessons can we learn from Jacob's response to the situation, and how can we apply these lessons to our own leadership and decision-making?

5. How does the cultural context of Genesis 34 help us understand the challenges of living out biblical principles in a world with differing values?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 29: Leah and Jacob
Understanding the family dynamics, including Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel, provides context for Dinah's place in the family.

Deuteronomy 22:28-29
This passage discusses laws regarding sexual relations and marriage, offering insight into the cultural and legal backdrop of Dinah's account.

2 Samuel 13: Tamar and Amnon
The account of Tamar and Amnon parallels Dinah's experience, highlighting themes of violation and family response.

Ephesians 5:25-33
This New Testament passage on love and marriage contrasts with Shechem's actions, providing a biblical standard for relationships.