Genesis 34:31

But they replied, "Should he have treated our sister like a prostitute?"

Study Bible

But they replied
This phrase introduces the response of Simeon and Levi, the sons of Jacob, to their father's rebuke. The Hebrew root for "replied" is "עָנָה" (anah), which means to answer or respond. This indicates a direct and deliberate response, suggesting that Simeon and Levi felt justified in their actions. In the context of ancient Near Eastern culture, family honor was paramount, and their reply reflects a defense of their sister's dignity and the family's reputation.

Should he have treated
The phrase "should he have treated" comes from the Hebrew "עָשָׂה" (asah), meaning to do or to act. This implies an action that was taken against their sister, Dinah. The use of this verb highlights the perceived injustice and violation of social norms. In the historical context, the treatment of women and the protection of family honor were critical issues, and any affront was taken seriously.

our sister
The term "our sister" emphasizes the familial bond and the personal nature of the offense. The Hebrew word for sister is "אָחוֹת" (achot), which not only denotes a biological relationship but also a deep sense of kinship and responsibility. In the patriarchal society of the time, brothers were seen as protectors of their sisters, and any harm to a sister was a direct affront to the family.

like a prostitute
The comparison to a "prostitute" uses the Hebrew word "זֹנָה" (zonah), which refers to a woman who engages in sexual relations for money. This term is loaded with cultural and moral implications, as prostitution was often associated with shame and dishonor. By using this term, Simeon and Levi express their outrage at the degradation of their sister's honor. In the scriptural context, this reflects the broader biblical theme of purity and the sanctity of family relationships.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Simeon and Levi
Sons of Jacob and Leah, who took a leading role in avenging their sister Dinah's defilement by Shechem.

2. Dinah
The daughter of Jacob and Leah, who was violated by Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite.

3. Shechem
The son of Hamor, who defiled Dinah and sought to marry her.

4. Hamor
The father of Shechem, who attempted to negotiate a marriage between his son and Dinah.

5. Jacob
The patriarch of the family, who was initially passive in response to Dinah's defilement.

Teaching Points

Righteous Anger vs. Sinful Vengeance
While anger at injustice is natural, Simeon and Levi's response shows how easily it can turn into sinful vengeance. Believers are called to seek justice in ways that honor God.

The Value of Women in Scripture
Dinah's account highlights the mistreatment of women, a theme that is addressed throughout Scripture. The Bible calls for the protection and honor of women, reflecting their value in God's eyes.

Family Dynamics and Leadership
Jacob's passive response contrasts with his sons' aggressive actions. This highlights the importance of godly leadership and communication within families.

Consequences of Sin
The actions of Shechem and the subsequent response by Simeon and Levi led to further violence and division. Sin often has a ripple effect, impacting many beyond the initial act.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation
The New Testament calls believers to forgive and seek reconciliation, even in the face of deep hurt and injustice, pointing to the ultimate example of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the response of Simeon and Levi reflect their character, and what can we learn about handling anger and injustice from their actions?

2. In what ways does the account of Dinah challenge us to consider the value and treatment of women in our own culture and communities?

3. How can Jacob's response to the situation with Dinah inform our understanding of leadership and responsibility within families?

4. What are some practical ways we can seek justice while avoiding the pitfalls of vengeance, as taught in Romans 12:19?

5. How does the call to be peacemakers in Matthew 5:9 apply to situations of conflict and injustice in our lives today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 49:5-7
Jacob's prophecy about Simeon and Levi, highlighting their violent nature and the consequences of their actions.

Exodus 20:14
The commandment against adultery, which underscores the gravity of Shechem's sin against Dinah.

Romans 12:19
The call for believers to leave vengeance to God, contrasting with Simeon and Levi's actions.

Matthew 5:9
The Beatitude about peacemakers, offering a counterpoint to the violent response of Dinah's brothers.

James 1:20
The warning that human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires, relevant to the brothers' reaction.