Joshua 20:7

So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah.

Study Bible

So they set apart
The phrase "set apart" is derived from the Hebrew word "qadash," which means to consecrate or sanctify. This action signifies a divine appointment, indicating that these cities were chosen for a holy purpose. In the context of ancient Israel, setting apart these cities reflects God's provision for justice and mercy, offering refuge and protection to those who accidentally caused harm.

Kedesh in Galilee
"Kedesh" means "holy" or "sacred place" in Hebrew, emphasizing its role as a city of refuge. Located in Galilee, this city was accessible to the northern tribes of Israel. Archaeological findings suggest that Kedesh was a significant Canaanite city before its designation as a city of refuge, highlighting the transformation of a place from pagan use to a sanctuary under God's law.

in the hill country of Naphtali
The hill country of Naphtali refers to the mountainous region allotted to the tribe of Naphtali. This area was known for its rugged terrain, which provided natural fortification and seclusion, making it an ideal location for a city of refuge. The tribe of Naphtali, known for its valor and swiftness, was strategically positioned to protect and maintain the sanctity of Kedesh.

Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim
Shechem holds a significant place in biblical history, being a site of covenant renewal and a city of refuge. Situated in the hill country of Ephraim, Shechem was centrally located, making it accessible to many tribes. The name "Shechem" means "shoulder" or "ridge," symbolizing strength and support, fitting for a city that offered refuge and justice.

Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron)
Kiriath-arba, later known as Hebron, is one of the oldest cities in the region, with a rich biblical heritage. The name "Kiriath-arba" means "City of Four," possibly referring to four giants or the four patriarchs associated with the city. Hebron was a significant spiritual center, being the burial place of the patriarchs, and its designation as a city of refuge underscores its importance in Israel's spiritual and judicial life.

in the hill country of Judah
The hill country of Judah was a region known for its elevation and strategic importance. Judah, being the leading tribe, provided a city of refuge that was accessible to the southern tribes. The choice of Hebron in this region highlights the balance and distribution of refuge cities across the land, ensuring that God's provision for justice and mercy was available to all Israelites, regardless of their tribal affiliation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Kedesh in Galilee
A city in the territory of Naphtali, designated as a city of refuge. It was a place where those who committed unintentional manslaughter could seek asylum.

2. Shechem
Located in the hill country of Ephraim, Shechem was another city of refuge. It held historical significance as a place of covenant renewal and worship.

3. Kiriath-arba (Hebron)
Situated in the hill country of Judah, Hebron was a city of refuge and also known for its association with the patriarchs, particularly Abraham.

4. Hill Country
The geographical setting of these cities, emphasizing their strategic and accessible locations for those seeking refuge.

5. Cities of Refuge
Instituted by God through Moses, these cities provided protection for individuals who accidentally caused the death of another, allowing them to escape the avenger of blood until a fair trial.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge illustrate God's balance of justice and mercy, providing a system that protects the innocent while ensuring accountability.

Accessibility of Refuge
The strategic locations of these cities remind us of the accessibility of God's grace and forgiveness through Christ, who is our ultimate refuge.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of these cities required community involvement, teaching us the importance of creating environments where justice and mercy prevail.

Symbolism of Refuge in Christ
Just as the cities offered physical safety, Christ offers spiritual refuge and salvation, inviting us to find safety in Him.

Historical and Spiritual Legacy
The cities of refuge serve as a historical reminder of God's care for His people and a spiritual metaphor for the refuge we find in Jesus.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the cities of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy, and how can we apply these principles in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the concept of a city of refuge point to Jesus as our spiritual refuge, and how can this understanding impact our daily walk with Him?

3. Considering the geographical placement of the cities of refuge, how can we ensure that our communities are places of refuge and support for those in need?

4. How does the establishment of cities of refuge demonstrate the importance of community involvement in upholding justice and mercy?

5. Reflect on a time when you sought refuge in God during a difficult situation. How did this experience strengthen your faith and understanding of His provision?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
This chapter provides the initial instructions for establishing cities of refuge, highlighting their purpose and the justice system in ancient Israel.

Deuteronomy 19
Further elaborates on the laws concerning cities of refuge, emphasizing the importance of justice and mercy.

Hebrews 6
Draws a spiritual parallel to the concept of refuge, where believers find refuge in the hope set before them in Christ.