Joshua 22:23
If we have built for ourselves an altar to turn away from Him and to offer burnt offerings and grain offerings on it, or to sacrifice fellowship offerings on it, may the LORD Himself hold us accountable.
If we have built for ourselves an altar

The eastern tribes knew that an altar for sacrifice apart from the tabernacle would challenge the Lord’s appointed center of worship and threaten Israel’s covenant unity.

Deu 12:13-14 Be careful not to offer your burnt offerings…
1Ki 12:28-30 After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves…
Exo 20:24-25 You are to make for Me an altar of earth…

to turn away from Him

Rebellion against the Lord would place Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh among those who abandoned His covenant for self-willed or idolatrous worship.

Deu 29:18-19 Make sure there is no man or woman, clan or tribe among you…
Deu 13:5 Such a prophet or dreamer must be put to death,…
Deu 30:17-18 But if your heart turns away and you do not listen,…

and to offer burnt offerings and grain offerings on it,

Burnt offerings and grain offerings belonged to the sacrificial worship God had ordained at His sanctuary. A rival altar for such sacrifices would reject His revealed order.

Num 28:3-8 And tell them that this is the food offering…
Lev 1:3-4 If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd,…
Lev 2:1-2 “When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD,…

or to sacrifice peace offerings on it,

Peace offerings celebrated restored fellowship with God and shared communion among His people. Sacrificing them independently would fracture the unity Israel was to enjoy before the Lord.

Lev 3:1-5 If one’s offering is a peace offering…
Lev 7:11-15 Now this is the law of the peace offering…
Deu 27:7 There you are to sacrifice your peace offerings……

may the LORD Himself hold us accountable.

The eastern tribes called upon the Lord as Judge because their altar was not intended for sacrifice but as a witness that they remained heirs of Israel’s covenant and worshiped the same God.

Deu 18:19 And I will hold accountable anyone who does not listen…
Ezk 33:6-8 But if the watchman sees the sword coming…
Gen 9:5 And surely I will require the life of any man or beast…

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Eastern Tribes (Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh)
These tribes settled on the east side of the Jordan River and built an altar, which led to a misunderstanding with the other Israelite tribes.

2. The Altar of Witness
A large altar built by the Eastern tribes near the Jordan River, intended as a witness between them and the other tribes of Israel that they all serve the same God.

3. Phinehas, son of Eleazar the priest
Sent by the Israelites to confront the Eastern tribes about the altar, fearing it was a sign of rebellion against God.

4. The Jordan River
The geographical boundary that separated the Eastern tribes from the rest of Israel, symbolizing potential division.

5. The Assembly of Israel
The collective body of the remaining tribes who were concerned about the potential idolatry or rebellion represented by the altar.
Teaching Points
Unity in Worship
The altar was a potential source of division, but it was intended as a symbol of unity. In our communities, we must ensure that our practices and symbols promote unity in worship rather than division.

Intentions Matter
The Eastern tribes' intentions were misunderstood. This teaches us the importance of clear communication and understanding others' intentions before jumping to conclusions.

Accountability to God
The tribes were willing to be held accountable by God if their actions were wrong. We should also live with a mindset of accountability to God for our actions and decisions.

Avoiding Assumptions
The initial reaction of the Israelites was based on assumptions. We should be cautious about making assumptions about others' actions without seeking clarification.

Symbolic Reminders
The altar served as a reminder of their shared faith. We can use symbols and practices in our lives to remind us of our commitments to God and each other.
Bible Study Questions
1. How can we ensure that our actions and symbols in worship promote unity rather than division within our faith communities?

2. What steps can we take to better understand the intentions behind others' actions before forming judgments?

3. In what ways can we hold ourselves accountable to God in our daily lives, similar to the willingness of the Eastern tribes?

4. How can we use symbols or practices in our lives to serve as reminders of our faith and commitments to God?

5. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' initial assumptions about the altar, and how can we apply these lessons to avoid misunderstandings in our relationships?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 12
This chapter outlines the proper place and manner of worship, emphasizing that sacrifices should only be made at the place God chooses, which is relevant to the concern over the altar.

Leviticus 17
Discusses the prohibition of offering sacrifices outside the designated place, which underscores the Israelites' fear of the altar being used improperly.

1 Samuel 15
Highlights the importance of obedience over sacrifice, which relates to the concern that the altar might represent disobedience to God's commands.
A Supposed Wrong ExplainedT. W. M. Lund, M. A.Joshua 22:1-34
Helping One AnotherF. E. Clark.Joshua 22:1-34
Helping OthersA. Maclaren, D. D.Joshua 22:1-34
MisconstructionC. Ness.Joshua 22:1-34
MisunderstandingJohn Williams, D. D.Joshua 22:1-34
Obedience UnmeasuredH. G. Salter.Joshua 22:1-34
Sincere ObedienceH. G. Salter.Joshua 22:1-34
Standing by Our BrethrenLouis A. Banks, D. D.Joshua 22:1-34
The Altar of TestimonyH. Christopherson.Joshua 22:1-34
The Commander's Parting ChargeAmerican Sunday School TimesJoshua 22:1-34
The Memorial AltarT. R. Stephenson, D. D.Joshua 22:1-34
The Purity and Unity of the ChurchEssex Congregational RemembrancerJoshua 22:1-34
Universal ObligationH. W. Beecher.Joshua 22:1-34
Misunderstandings Among Good PeopleW.F. Adeney Joshua 22:10-34
Its VindicationE. De Pressense Joshua 22:21-34
People
Achan, Eleazar, Gad, Gadites, Israelites, Joshua, Manasseh, Phinehas, Reuben, Reubenites, Zerah
Places
Bashan, Canaan, Gilead, Heshbon, Jordan River, Peor, Shiloh
Topics
Account, Altar, Built, Burnt, Fellowship, Grain, Meal, Offer, Offering, Offerings, Peace, Sacrifice, Sacrifices, Turn
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 22:1-34

     7266   tribes of Israel

Joshua 22:9-34

     5910   motives, examples

Joshua 22:10-24

     8800   prejudice

Joshua 22:10-34

     6718   reconciliation, believers

Joshua 22:13-34

     6115   blame

Library
Jews and Gentiles in "The Land"
Coming down from Syria, it would have been difficult to fix the exact spot where, in the view of the Rabbis, "the land" itself began. The boundary lines, though mentioned in four different documents, are not marked in anything like geographical order, but as ritual questions connected with them came up for theological discussion. For, to the Rabbis the precise limits of Palestine were chiefly interesting so far as they affected the religious obligations or privileges of a district. And in this respect
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Third Sunday after Epiphany
Text: Romans 12, 16-21. 16 Be not wise in your own conceits. 17 Render to no man evil for evil. Take thought for things honorable in the sight of all men. 18 If it be possible, as much as in you lieth, be at peace with all men. 19 Avenge not yourselves, beloved, but give place unto the wrath of God: for it is written, Vengeance belongeth unto me; I will recompense, saith the Lord. 20 But if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him to drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. II

Trials of the Christian
AFFLICTION--ITS NATURE AND BENEFITS. The school of the cross is the school of light; it discovers the world's vanity, baseness, and wickedness, and lets us see more of God's mind. Out of dark afflictions comes a spiritual light. In times of affliction, we commonly meet with the sweetest experiences of the love of God. The end of affliction is the discovery of sin; and of that, to bring us to a Saviour. Doth not God ofttimes even take occasion, by the hardest of things that come upon us, to visit
John Bunyan—The Riches of Bunyan

And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah
"And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall come forth unto Me (one) [Pg 480] to be Ruler in Israel; and His goings forth are the times of old, the days of eternity." The close connection of this verse with what immediately precedes (Caspari is wrong in considering iv. 9-14 as an episode) is evident, not only from the [Hebrew: v] copulative, and from the analogy of the near relation of the announcement of salvation to the prophecy of disaster
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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