Joshua 5:4

Now this is why Joshua circumcised them: All those who came out of Egypt--all the men of war--had died on the journey in the wilderness after they had left Egypt.

Study Bible

Now this is why
This phrase introduces an explanation, indicating that the following content is a rationale or reason for a preceding action or event. In the context of Joshua 5, it sets the stage for understanding the necessity of the actions taken by Joshua and the Israelites. The Hebrew word used here, "זֶה" (zeh), often serves to draw attention to a specific point, emphasizing the importance of the explanation that follows.

Joshua circumcised them
The act of circumcision is deeply rooted in the Abrahamic covenant, as described in Genesis 17:10-14. It was a physical sign of the Israelites' covenant with God, symbolizing purity, obedience, and belonging to God's chosen people. The Hebrew root "מוּל" (mul) means to cut or circumcise, and it signifies a renewal of commitment to God. Historically, this act was crucial for the Israelites as they prepared to enter the Promised Land, reaffirming their identity and dedication to God's commands.

All those who came out of Egypt
This phrase refers to the generation of Israelites who experienced the Exodus, the miraculous deliverance from slavery in Egypt. It highlights the continuity of God's promises and the fulfillment of His plans across generations. The Hebrew term "יָצָא" (yatsa) means to go out or come forth, emphasizing the transition from bondage to freedom, a foundational narrative for the Israelite identity.

the males
This specification underscores the patriarchal structure of ancient Israelite society, where males were often the primary participants in covenantal rituals. The Hebrew word "זָכָר" (zakar) denotes male, and in the context of circumcision, it signifies those who were to bear the physical mark of the covenant, representing the entire community's commitment to God.

all the men of war
This phrase identifies a specific group within the Israelite community, those who were capable of fighting and defending the nation. The Hebrew "אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה" (anshei hammilchamah) translates to men of war, indicating their role as protectors and warriors. This context is significant as the Israelites were on the brink of entering Canaan, where military readiness was essential for conquering the land promised to them by God.

had died in the wilderness
This statement reflects the consequences of disobedience and lack of faith among the first generation of Israelites who left Egypt. The Hebrew "מֵת" (met) means to die, and it serves as a somber reminder of the judgment that befell those who doubted God's promises. The wilderness period was a time of testing and purification, preparing a new generation to enter the Promised Land with renewed faith and obedience.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Joshua
The leader of the Israelites after Moses, tasked with leading them into the Promised Land.

2. Israelites
The people of God who were delivered from slavery in Egypt and wandered in the wilderness for 40 years.

3. Egypt
The land of bondage from which the Israelites were delivered.

4. Wilderness
The place where the Israelites wandered for 40 years due to their disobedience and lack of faith.

5. Circumcision
A covenantal sign given to Abraham and his descendants, symbolizing their unique relationship with God.

Teaching Points

Covenant Renewal
The act of circumcision in Joshua 5:4 represents a renewal of the covenant with God. It is a reminder of the importance of maintaining our commitments to God and His commands.

Generational Faithfulness
The new generation of Israelites needed to embrace the covenant for themselves. This teaches us the importance of passing down faith and ensuring that each generation understands and commits to God's promises.

Obedience and Consequences
The death of the previous generation in the wilderness serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of disobedience. It encourages us to trust and obey God fully to avoid spiritual stagnation.

Spiritual Preparation
Before entering the Promised Land, the Israelites needed to be spiritually prepared. This underscores the importance of spiritual readiness in our own lives before undertaking new ventures or challenges.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the act of circumcision in Joshua 5:4 symbolize a renewal of the covenant, and what are some modern-day practices that can serve as reminders of our commitment to God?

2. In what ways can we ensure that the next generation understands and embraces the faith, similar to how the new generation of Israelites had to be circumcised?

3. Reflect on a time when disobedience led to consequences in your life. How can the account of the Israelites in the wilderness inform your future decisions?

4. What steps can you take to ensure you are spiritually prepared for the challenges and opportunities God places before you?

5. How does the concept of "circumcision of the heart" in Deuteronomy 10 relate to the physical act of circumcision in Joshua 5:4, and how can this concept be applied in your daily walk with God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 17
This chapter introduces circumcision as the sign of the covenant between God and Abraham, establishing its importance for the Israelites.

Exodus 12
Discusses the Passover and the requirement for circumcision to partake in it, highlighting the connection between covenant obedience and participation in God's deliverance.

Numbers 14
Details the rebellion of the Israelites and the resulting punishment of wandering in the wilderness, explaining why the original generation did not enter the Promised Land.

Deuteronomy 10
Calls for the circumcision of the heart, emphasizing the need for internal transformation alongside external obedience.