Judges 1:31
Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob.
Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants

Asher’s incomplete obedience left Canaanite populations embedded within its inheritance. What Israel spared in disobedience became a continuing source of spiritual compromise, insecurity, and pressure to adopt foreign worship.

Jos 15:63 But the descendants of Judah could not drive out…
Jos 17:12-13 But the descendants of Manasseh were unable to occupy…
Jdg 2:21-23 I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations…

of Acco,

Acco was an important Mediterranean port, known today as Acre. Its retention by the Canaanites limited Asher’s control of the coast and preserved a center of trade, influence, and military strength outside Israelite rule.

Act 21:7 When we had finished our voyage from Tyre,…
Jdg 5:17 Gilead remained beyond the Jordan.…
Jos 19:24-31 The fifth lot came out for the clans of the tribe of Asher:…

Sidon,

Sidon was a leading Phoenician city renowned for commerce, seafaring, and wealth. Phoenician influence exposed Israel to the religious practices of Baal and Ashtoreth, dangers against which the Lord had repeatedly warned His people.

Jos 11:8 and the LORD delivered them into the hand of Israel…
Jos 13:4-6 to the south, all the land of the Canaanites…
1Ki 11:33 For they have forsaken Me to worship Ashtoreth…

Ahlab,

Ahlab was among the settlements Asher did not possess. Canaanite communities remaining throughout the tribal territory made it difficult for Israel to live as a distinct people devoted wholly to the Lord.

Jos 19:24-26 The fifth lot came out for the clans of the tribe of Asher:…
1Ki 4:16 Baana son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth;
1Ki 9:10-13 Now at the end of the twenty years during which Solomon…

Achzib,

Achzib stood along the coastal region and shared in the prosperity associated with maritime trade. Asher’s failure to take such places showed that the tribe did not fully enter into the possession God had given.

Jos 19:29 The border then turned back toward Ramah…
Jos 15:44 Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah—nine cities…
Mic 1:14 Therefore, send farewell gifts to Moresheth-gath;…

Helbah,

Helbah’s precise location is uncertain, but its inclusion reveals that Asher’s failure extended beyond one fortified city or isolated defeat. The tribe accepted coexistence where God had commanded removal.

Jos 19:25 Their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph,
Jos 21:31 Helkath, and Rehob—four cities, together with…
Jos 19:31 This was the inheritance of the clans of the tribe of Asher…

Aphik,

Aphik was likely a fortified site in the northern region. Canaanite control of strongholds left Israel vulnerable and demonstrated the consequences of relying on human calculation rather than God’s promised help.

Jos 19:30 Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob. There were twenty-two cities…
1Sa 4:1 Thus the word of Samuel came to all Israel.…
1Ki 20:26 In the spring, Ben-hadad mobilized the Arameans…

and Rehob.

Rehob lay near Asher’s northern boundary, where remaining Canaanite inhabitants continued to occupy the land. Asher’s settlement among the Canaanites reversed God’s intended order: Israel was to possess the land, not be shaped by the people it had been commanded to remove.

Jos 19:28 It went on to Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah…
1Ch 6:74 From the tribe of Asher they were given Mashal, Abdon,
2Sa 10:8 The Ammonites marched out and arrayed themselves…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Asher
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Asher, the eighth son of Jacob and Zilpah. The tribe was allotted land in the northern part of Canaan.

2. Acco
A coastal city in the territory of Asher, known today as Acre. It was a significant port city in ancient times.

3. Sidon
An ancient and prominent Phoenician city, located in modern-day Lebanon. It was known for its wealth and trade.

4. Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob
These are lesser-known cities within the territory of Asher. Each had its own strategic or economic significance.

5. The Event
The failure of the tribe of Asher to drive out the Canaanite inhabitants from these cities, contrary to God's command to fully possess the land.
Teaching Points
Obedience to God's Commands
The failure of Asher to drive out the inhabitants serves as a reminder of the importance of complete obedience to God's instructions. Partial obedience is still disobedience.

Consequences of Compromise
Allowing the Canaanites to remain led to cultural and religious compromise, which eventually ensnared the Israelites in idolatry and sin.

Spiritual Vigilance
Just as Asher was called to drive out the inhabitants, Christians are called to be vigilant in removing sin and influences that can lead them away from God.

Trust in God's Provision
The Israelites' failure to fully possess the land reflects a lack of trust in God's promise and provision. Believers today are encouraged to trust God fully in their spiritual journey.
Bible Study Questions
1. What were the specific cities that the tribe of Asher failed to drive out, and what might have been the reasons for their failure?

2. How does the failure of Asher to drive out the inhabitants relate to the broader theme of disobedience in the Book of Judges?

3. In what ways can partial obedience to God’s commands lead to spiritual compromise in our lives today?

4. How can we apply the lesson of Asher's failure to our personal walk with God, especially in terms of dealing with sin and temptation?

5. What other biblical examples can you find where God's people failed to fully obey His commands, and what were the consequences? How can these examples serve as warnings for us?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Joshua 13:13
This verse highlights the incomplete conquest of the land by the Israelites, similar to the situation in Judges 1:31, where certain tribes did not fully drive out the inhabitants.

Deuteronomy 7:1-5
God commands the Israelites to completely destroy the nations in Canaan to avoid being led astray by their practices. This connects to the failure of Asher to drive out the inhabitants.

Judges 2:1-3
The Angel of the Lord rebukes Israel for not obeying God's command to drive out the inhabitants, which sets the stage for the cycle of disobedience and oppression in Judges.
Human Wisdom Versus DivineA.F. Muir
People
Abednego, Achsah, Adonibezek, Ahiman, Amalekites, Amorites, Anak, Anath, Arad, Arba, Asher, Asherites, Benjamin, Benjamites, Caleb, Canaanites, Dan, Danites, Debir, Edomites, Hittites, Hobab, Israelites, Jebusites, Joseph, Joshua, Kenaz, Manasseh, Naphtali, Naphtalites, Othniel, Perizzites, Rehob, Sheshai, Simeon, Simeonites, Talmai, Zebulun, Zidon
Places
Acco, Achzib, Ahlab, Aijalon, Akrabbim, Aphik, Arad, Ashkelon, Beth-anath, Bethel, Beth-shan, Beth-shemesh, Bezek, Debir, Dor, Ekron, Gaza, Gezer, Gibeah, Hebron, Helbah, Hormah, Ibleam, Jerusalem, Kiriath-arba, Kiriath-sepher, Kitron, Luz, Megiddo, Mount Heres, Nahalol, Negeb, Rehob, Sela, Shaalbim, Sidon, Taanach, Zephath
Topics
Accho, Acco, Achzib, Aczib, Ahlab, Aphek, Aphik, Asher, Didn't, Dispossessed, Drive, Driving, Drove, Expel, Helbah, Inhabitants, Rehob, Sidon, Zidon
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Judges 1:27-35

     7259   promised land, later history

Library
The Historical Books.
1. In the Pentateuch we have the establishment of the Theocracy, with the preparatory and accompanying history pertaining to it. The province of the historical books is to unfold its practiced working, and to show how, under the divine superintendence and guidance, it accomplished the end for which it was given. They contain, therefore, primarily, a history of God's dealings with the covenant people under the economy which he had imposed upon them. They look at the course of human events on the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

The Coast of the Asphaltites, the Essenes. En-Gedi.
"On the western shore" (of the Asphaltites) "dwell the Essenes; whom persons, guilty of any crimes, fly from on every side. A nation it is that lives alone, and of all other nations in the whole world, most to be admired; they are without any woman; all lust banished, &c. Below these, was the town Engadda, the next to Jerusalem for fruitfulness, and groves of palm-trees, now another burying-place. From thence stands Massada, a castle in a rock, and this castle not far from the Asphaltites." Solinus,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Beth-El. Beth-Aven.
Josephus thus describes the land of Benjamin; "The Benjamites' portion of land was from the river Jordan to the sea, in length: in breadth, it was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." Let these last words be marked, "The breadth of the land of Benjamin was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." May we not justly conclude, from these words, that Jerusalem and Beth-el were opposite, as it were, in a right line? But if you look upon the maps, there are some that separate these by a very large tract of land,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Tsippor
"Tsippor is the greatest city of Galilee, and built in a very strong place." "Kitron (Judg 1:29,30) is Tsippor: and why is it called Tsippor? Because it is seated upon a mountain as Tsippor, a bird." "Sixteen miles on all sides from Tsippor was a land flowing with milk and honey." This city is noted in Josephus for its warlike affairs; but most noted in the Talmudists for the university fixed there, and for the learning, which Rabbi Judah the Holy brought hither, as we have said before. He sat in
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

A Nation's Struggle for a Home and Freedom.
ISRAEL'S VICTORIES OVER THE CANAANITES.--Josh. 2-9; Judg. 1, 4, 5. Parallel Readings. Hist. Bible II,1-4.1. Prin. of Politics X. That the leaders took the lead in Israel, That the people volunteered readily, Bless Jehovah! Zebulun was a people who exposed themselves to deadly peril, And Naphtali on the heights of the open field. Kings came, they fought; They fought, the kings of Canaan, At Taanach by the Waters of Megiddo, They took no booty of silver. Prom heaven fought the stars, From their
Charles Foster Kent—The Making of a Nation

The Place of the Old Testament in Divine Revelation
[Sidenote: Advent of the Hebrews] Modern discovery and research have demonstrated that the truth revealed through the Babylonians and with less definiteness through the people of the Nile was never entirely lost. Such a sad waste was out of accord with the obvious principles of divine economy. As the icy chill of ceremonialism seized decadent Babylonia and Egypt, there emerged from the steppes south and east of Palestine a virile, ambitious group of nomads, who not only fell heir to that which
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

The Prophet Jonah.
It has been asserted without any sufficient reason, that Jonah is older than Hosea, Joel, Amos, and Obadiah,--that he is the oldest among the prophets whose written monuments have been preserved to us. The passage in 2 Kings xiv. 25, where it is said, that Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, prophesied to Jeroboam the happy success of his arms, and the restoration of the ancient boundaries of Israel, and that this prophecy was confirmed by the event, cannot decide in favour of this assertion,
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Scythopolis. Beth-Shean, the Beginning of Galilee.
The bonds of Galilee were, "on the south, Samaris and Scythopolis, unto the flood of Jordan." Scythopolis is the same with Beth-shean, of which is no seldom mention in the Holy Scriptures, Joshua 17:11; Judges 1:27; 1 Samuel 31:10. "Bethsaine (saith Josephus), called by the Greeks Scythopolis." It was distant but a little way from Jordan, seated in the entrance to a great valley: for so the same author writes, "Having passed Jordan, they came to a great plain, where lies before you the city Bethsane,"
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Country of Jericho, and the Situation of the City.
Here we will borrow Josephus' pencil, "Jericho is seated in a plain, yet a certain barren mountain hangs over it, narrow, indeed, but long; for it runs out northward to the country of Scythopolis,--and southward, to the country of Sodom, and the utmost coast of the Asphaltites." Of this mountain mention is made, Joshua 2:22, where the two spies, sent by Joshua, and received by Rahab, are said to "conceal themselves." "Opposite against this, lies a mountain on the other side Jordan, beginning from
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
THE ISRAELITES IN THE LAND OF CANAAN: THE JUDGES--THE PHILISTINES AND THE HEBREW KINGDOM--SAUL, DAVID, SOLOMON, THE DEFECTION OF THE TEN TRIBES--THE XXIst EGYPTIAN DYNASTY--SHESHONQ OR SHISHAK DAMASCUS. The Hebrews in the desert: their families, clans, and tribes--The Amorites and the Hebrews on the left bank of the Jordan--The conquest of Canaan and the native reaction against the Hebrews--The judges, Ehud, Deborah, Jerubbaal or Gideon and the Manassite supremacy; Abimelech, Jephihdh. The Philistines,
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 6

Jews and Gentiles in "The Land"
Coming down from Syria, it would have been difficult to fix the exact spot where, in the view of the Rabbis, "the land" itself began. The boundary lines, though mentioned in four different documents, are not marked in anything like geographical order, but as ritual questions connected with them came up for theological discussion. For, to the Rabbis the precise limits of Palestine were chiefly interesting so far as they affected the religious obligations or privileges of a district. And in this respect
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Judges
For the understanding of the early history and religion of Israel, the book of Judges, which covers the period from the death of Joshua to the beginning of the struggle with the Philistines, is of inestimable importance; and it is very fortunate that the elements contributed by the later editors are so easily separated from the ancient stories whose moral they seek to point. That moral is most elaborately stated in ii. 6-iii. 6, which is a sort of programme or preface to iii. 7-xvi. 31, which constitutes
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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