Numbers 31:34

61,000 donkeys,

Study Bible

and
The conjunction "and" serves as a connective tissue in the narrative, linking the previous verses with the current one. It signifies continuity and accumulation, suggesting that the events described are part of a larger sequence ordained by God. In the Hebrew text, the word is "ו" (vav), which is often used to connect thoughts and actions, emphasizing the unfolding of God's plan in a cohesive manner.

16,000
The specific number "16,000" is significant in the context of biblical numerology and the historical setting of the Israelites. Numbers in the Bible often carry symbolic weight, and large numbers like this one can indicate completeness or the magnitude of God's provision and judgment. Historically, this number reflects the substantial outcome of the Israelites' campaign against the Midianites, showcasing the extent of their victory and the fulfillment of divine justice.

people
The term "people" here refers to the captives taken by the Israelites after their victory over the Midianites. In Hebrew, the word is "נפש" (nephesh), which can mean soul, person, or living being. This highlights the humanity of those captured, reminding readers of the complex moral and ethical dimensions of warfare in the biblical narrative. The inclusion of "people" underscores the reality of human lives affected by divine commands and the unfolding of God's covenantal promises to Israel. It invites reflection on the sanctity of life and the responsibilities that come with divine favor and judgment.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who was commanded by God to take vengeance on the Midianites.

2. Midianites
A nomadic tribe that opposed Israel and led them into idolatry and immorality.

3. Israelites
The people of God, who were instructed to carry out God's judgment against the Midianites.

4. Plunder
The goods and livestock taken by the Israelites from the Midianites, including the 61,000 donkeys mentioned in this verse.

5. God's Command
The directive given to Moses to execute judgment on the Midianites as a consequence of their actions against Israel.

Teaching Points

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites' actions against the Midianites were in direct obedience to God's command. This highlights the importance of following God's instructions, even when they are difficult or challenging.

Consequences of Sin
The judgment on the Midianites serves as a reminder of the consequences of leading others into sin. It underscores the seriousness with which God views idolatry and immorality.

God's Provision
The plunder, including the 61,000 donkeys, represents God's provision for His people. It serves as a reminder that God provides for His people, even in the midst of judgment.

Spiritual Warfare
The physical battle against the Midianites can be seen as a parallel to the spiritual battles believers face today. It encourages Christians to be vigilant and to rely on God's strength in overcoming spiritual adversaries.

Stewardship of Resources
The distribution and use of the plunder, including the donkeys, can be seen as a lesson in stewardship. Believers are called to manage God's resources wisely and for His glory.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of the Midianites in Numbers 31 relate to their earlier interactions with Israel in Genesis and Exodus?

2. What can we learn from the Israelites' obedience to God's command in this passage, and how can we apply this to our own lives?

3. In what ways does the judgment on the Midianites serve as a warning against sin and idolatry in our own culture?

4. How does the concept of spiritual warfare in the New Testament relate to the physical battles described in the Old Testament, such as the one against the Midianites?

5. What principles of stewardship can we draw from the handling of the plunder, and how can we apply these principles to our management of resources today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 37
The Midianites are first mentioned as traders who bought Joseph from his brothers, showing their longstanding interaction with Israel.

Exodus 2
Moses' initial encounter with the Midianites when he fled from Egypt, highlighting the complex relationship between the two groups.

Judges 6-8
The Midianites later oppressed Israel, leading to Gideon's rise as a judge, illustrating the cyclical nature of conflict and deliverance in Israel's history.

1 Samuel 15
God's command to Saul to destroy the Amalekites, similar to the command given to Moses regarding the Midianites, emphasizing obedience to divine instructions.