Numbers 35:24

then the congregation must judge between the slayer and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances.

Study Bible

then the congregation must judge
In ancient Israel, the congregation often refers to the assembly of elders or leaders who were responsible for making judicial decisions. This reflects the communal nature of justice in Israelite society, where the community played a role in maintaining order and righteousness. The concept of judgment by the congregation underscores the importance of collective discernment and wisdom, as seen in other passages like Deuteronomy 16:18, where judges and officers are appointed in all towns.

between the slayer and the avenger of blood
The "slayer" refers to someone who has killed another person, while the "avenger of blood" is typically a close relative of the deceased, tasked with avenging the death. This practice is rooted in the ancient Near Eastern custom of blood vengeance, which was a way to uphold family honor and justice. The avenger of blood is mentioned in other parts of the Old Testament, such as Joshua 20:3, where cities of refuge are established to protect those who have killed unintentionally.

according to these ordinances
The ordinances refer to the specific laws and guidelines given by God to Moses regarding cases of manslaughter and murder. These laws are detailed in Numbers 35 and provide a framework for distinguishing between intentional and unintentional killing. The emphasis on following divine ordinances highlights the theocratic nature of Israelite society, where God's law was the ultimate standard for justice. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's law as a guide for righteous living, as seen in Psalm 119:105.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Slayer
This refers to the individual who has unintentionally killed another person. In the context of Numbers 35, this person seeks refuge in a city of refuge to avoid being killed by the avenger of blood.

2. The Avenger of Blood
Known in Hebrew as the "go'el," this person is typically a close relative of the deceased who seeks justice or vengeance for the killing.

3. The Community
This refers to the assembly or congregation of Israel, which is responsible for judging the case between the slayer and the avenger of blood.

4. Cities of Refuge
These were designated places where someone who had killed another unintentionally could flee for safety until a fair trial could be conducted.

5. Ordinances
These are the laws and regulations given by God to Moses for the Israelites, which include the procedures for handling cases of manslaughter.

Teaching Points

Justice and Mercy
The passage highlights the balance between justice and mercy. While justice demands accountability, mercy provides a means for protection and fair trial. Christians are called to uphold both in their lives.

Community Responsibility
The community plays a crucial role in ensuring justice is served. This teaches us the importance of communal involvement and accountability in addressing wrongs and seeking truth.

God's Provision for Safety
The cities of refuge symbolize God's provision for safety and protection. In Christ, we find our ultimate refuge and protection from the consequences of sin.

The Role of Intent
The distinction between intentional murder and unintentional manslaughter underscores the importance of understanding intent. In our interactions, we should seek to understand the intentions behind actions before passing judgment.

Reconciliation and Forgiveness
The process outlined in Numbers 35 encourages reconciliation and forgiveness, pointing to the greater reconciliation we have through Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of cities of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy?

2. In what ways can the church today act as a "community" that helps mediate and resolve conflicts among believers?

3. How does understanding the role of the avenger of blood help us appreciate the need for forgiveness and reconciliation in our own lives?

4. What parallels can we draw between the cities of refuge and the refuge we find in Christ?

5. How can we apply the principles of intent and understanding in our daily interactions to avoid misjudgment and promote peace?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 19
This chapter also discusses the cities of refuge and provides additional details on the laws concerning manslaughter and the role of the avenger of blood.

Joshua 20
This passage describes the actual establishment of the cities of refuge once the Israelites entered the Promised Land.

Matthew 5:21-26
Jesus expands on the concept of murder and reconciliation, emphasizing the importance of resolving anger and disputes before they escalate.

Hebrews 6:18
This verse uses the imagery of refuge to describe the hope we have in Christ, drawing a parallel to the cities of refuge as a place of safety.