Proverbs 16:19

It is better to be lowly in spirit among the humble than to divide the spoil with the proud.

Study Bible

Better to be lowly in spirit
The phrase "lowly in spirit" is derived from the Hebrew word "shaphal," which conveys a sense of humility and modesty. In the biblical context, being "lowly in spirit" is not about self-deprecation but about recognizing one's position before God. It is an acknowledgment of human limitations and a reliance on divine wisdom. Historically, humility has been a valued trait in Jewish culture, as seen in the lives of figures like Moses, who was described as "very humble, more than all men who were on the face of the earth" (Numbers 12:3). This humility is a spiritual posture that opens one to God's guidance and grace.

with the humble
The "humble" are those who live in a state of meekness and submission to God's will. The Hebrew word "anav" is often used to describe individuals who are gentle and lowly. In the ancient Near Eastern context, humility was often countercultural, as societies typically valued power and prestige. However, the biblical narrative consistently elevates the humble, promising that they will inherit the earth (Matthew 5:5). This phrase encourages believers to seek companionship and community with those who embody humility, as they reflect the character of Christ.

than to divide the spoil
"Divide the spoil" refers to the distribution of goods or wealth acquired, often through conquest or victory. In ancient times, dividing the spoil was a common practice after a battle, symbolizing triumph and success. However, the proverb warns against the allure of material gain achieved through prideful means. The Hebrew word "shalal" for spoil indicates possessions that are transient and ultimately unsatisfying. This phrase serves as a reminder that true riches are found in spiritual wealth rather than material abundance.

with the proud
The "proud" are those who are haughty and self-reliant, often placing their trust in their own abilities rather than in God. The Hebrew word "ge'eh" describes individuals who are arrogant and boastful. Throughout Scripture, pride is consistently portrayed as a vice that leads to downfall, as seen in the account of King Nebuchadnezzar, whose pride led to his temporary downfall (Daniel 4). This phrase contrasts the fleeting nature of prideful gain with the enduring value of humility, urging believers to align themselves with God's values rather than the world's.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Lowly in Spirit
This refers to individuals who possess humility and recognize their dependence on God. In the Hebrew context, "lowly" ('anav) often denotes those who are humble and meek.

2. The Humble
These are people who live modestly and do not seek to elevate themselves above others. They are often contrasted with the proud in biblical literature.

3. The Proud
This group includes those who are arrogant and self-reliant, often seeking their own gain at the expense of others. The Hebrew word for proud (ge'eh) implies a sense of self-exaltation.

4. Dividing the Spoil
This phrase suggests the act of sharing the gains or rewards, often associated with victory or conquest. In a biblical sense, it can imply ill-gotten gains or rewards obtained through prideful means.

5. The Context of Proverbs
Proverbs is a book of wisdom literature in the Old Testament, traditionally attributed to King Solomon. It provides practical guidance for living a life that honors God.

Teaching Points

The Value of Humility
Humility is a virtue that aligns us with God's will and opens us to His grace. It is better to be humble and lowly in spirit than to seek prideful gains.

The Danger of Pride
Pride leads to self-reliance and separation from God. It is often associated with temporary gains that do not lead to true fulfillment or peace.

Choosing Companions Wisely
Associating with the humble rather than the proud can lead to a more fulfilling and spiritually enriching life. Our companions can influence our character and spiritual journey.

Eternal vs. Temporal Rewards
The rewards of humility are eternal, while the spoils of pride are temporary. We should focus on treasures in heaven rather than earthly gains.

Living a Life of Service
Embracing humility involves serving others and putting their needs above our own, following the example of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Proverbs 16:19 challenge our cultural understanding of success and achievement?

2. In what ways can we cultivate humility in our daily lives, and what practical steps can we take to avoid pride?

3. How do the teachings of Jesus in the Beatitudes (Matthew 5) relate to the wisdom found in Proverbs 16:19?

4. Reflect on a time when you chose humility over pride. What was the outcome, and how did it affect your relationship with God and others?

5. How can we encourage and support one another in our communities to value humility and reject prideful attitudes?

Connections to Other Scriptures

James 4:6
This verse emphasizes that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble, reinforcing the idea that humility is favored by God.

Matthew 5:3
The Beatitudes begin with a blessing for the "poor in spirit," which aligns with the concept of being lowly in spirit and humble.

Philippians 2:3
Paul encourages believers to do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility consider others better than themselves, echoing the wisdom of Proverbs 16:19.