Psalm 135:9

He sent signs and wonders into your midst, O Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his servants.

Study Bible

He sent signs and wonders into your midst, O Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his servants
He sent
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and active involvement of God in the affairs of the world. The Hebrew root for "sent" is שָׁלַח (shalach), which conveys the idea of dispatching or commissioning with authority. In the biblical context, it underscores God's direct intervention in history, particularly in the deliverance of His people. This action is not random but purposeful, reflecting God's covenantal faithfulness to Israel.

signs and wonders
These terms are often paired in the Old Testament to describe miraculous events that demonstrate God's power and authority. The Hebrew words are אוֹת (oth) for "signs" and מוֹפֵת (mopheth) for "wonders." "Signs" often serve as divine indicators or messages, while "wonders" are extraordinary acts that inspire awe and reveal God's supremacy over creation. In the context of the Exodus, these signs and wonders were the plagues that God used to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites, showcasing His power over the gods of Egypt.

into your midst, O Egypt
This phrase highlights the direct impact of God's actions on the Egyptian people and their land. The term "midst" (Hebrew: קֶרֶב, qereb) suggests an intimate and pervasive presence, indicating that God's signs and wonders were not distant or abstract but were experienced personally and nationally by the Egyptians. Egypt, as a historical and archaeological entity, was a powerful and advanced civilization, yet it was brought to its knees by the divine acts of God, demonstrating His ultimate authority over even the mightiest of nations.

against Pharaoh
Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, is often depicted in the Bible as a symbol of human pride and resistance against God. The Hebrew name פַּרְעֹה (Par'oh) is derived from the Egyptian term for "great house," reflecting his status and power. However, despite his earthly authority, Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he became an instrument through which God's power and justice were displayed. The plagues were a direct challenge to Pharaoh's perceived divinity and authority, revealing the futility of opposing God's will.

and all his servants
This phrase extends the scope of God's actions beyond Pharaoh to include his officials and the broader Egyptian society. The Hebrew word for "servants" is עֲבָדָיו (avadav), which can refer to both literal servants and officials or subjects under Pharaoh's rule. This inclusion signifies that the consequences of resisting God were not limited to Pharaoh alone but affected all who aligned themselves with his defiance. It serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility and the far-reaching impact of leadership decisions on a nation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Egypt
A significant nation in biblical history, often representing opposition to God's people. In this context, Egypt is the land where the Israelites were enslaved before the Exodus.

2. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt during the time of the Exodus. He is a central figure in the account of Israel's liberation, known for his hardened heart against God's commands.

3. Signs and Wonders
Miraculous acts performed by God to demonstrate His power and authority. In the context of Egypt, these include the ten plagues that led to the liberation of the Israelites.

4. Israelites
God's chosen people, who were enslaved in Egypt and later delivered through God's mighty acts.

5. Exodus
The event of Israel's liberation from Egyptian bondage, marked by God's miraculous interventions, including the plagues and the parting of the Red Sea.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Power
The signs and wonders in Egypt demonstrate God's supreme authority over all nations and rulers. Believers can trust in God's power to intervene in their lives.

Deliverance and Redemption
Just as God delivered Israel from Egypt, He offers spiritual deliverance through Jesus Christ. Reflect on the ways God has delivered you from spiritual bondage.

The Hardness of Heart
Pharaoh's hardened heart serves as a warning against resisting God's will. Examine areas in your life where you may be resisting God's guidance.

God's Faithfulness to His Promises
The fulfillment of God's promise to deliver Israel encourages believers to trust in His faithfulness to His promises today.

The Role of Miracles in Faith
While miracles can strengthen faith, true belief should rest on God's character and promises, not solely on miraculous signs.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the signs and wonders in Egypt reveal God's character and His relationship with His people?

2. In what ways can the account of the Exodus inspire you to trust in God's deliverance in your own life?

3. How does Pharaoh's response to God's signs serve as a cautionary tale for us today?

4. What are some modern-day "Egypts" or situations where you need to see God's power at work?

5. How can reflecting on God's past faithfulness, as seen in the Exodus, strengthen your faith in His promises for the future?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 7-12
These chapters detail the plagues sent upon Egypt, illustrating the "signs and wonders" mentioned in Psalm 135:9. They show God's power and His commitment to freeing His people.

Deuteronomy 6:22
This verse recalls the signs and wonders performed in Egypt, emphasizing God's mighty hand in delivering Israel.

Acts 7:36
Stephen's speech references the wonders and signs in Egypt, connecting the Old Testament events to the New Testament understanding of God's redemptive history.