Romans 5:19

For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.

Study Bible

For just as
This phrase introduces a comparison, setting the stage for a parallel between two significant events in human history. The Greek word "ὥσπερ" (hósper) is used here, emphasizing a direct correlation. This comparison is foundational to understanding the doctrine of original sin and redemption. It invites the reader to consider the symmetry in God's plan, where the fall and redemption are intricately linked.

through the disobedience
The term "disobedience" comes from the Greek "παρακοή" (parakoē), which implies a failure to listen or heed. This disobedience refers to Adam's transgression in the Garden of Eden, an act that had profound consequences for all humanity. Historically, this event is seen as the entry point of sin into the world, affecting the nature of mankind and its relationship with God.

of the one man
This phrase specifically identifies Adam as the source of the initial disobedience. The singular "one man" underscores the theological concept of federal headship, where Adam acted as a representative for all humanity. This idea is rooted in the historical understanding of Adam as the first human, whose actions set a precedent for all his descendants.

the many were made sinners
The Greek word "κατεστάθησαν" (katestathēsan) is used here, meaning "were made" or "were appointed." This indicates a change in status or condition. The phrase suggests that through Adam's sin, humanity collectively inherited a sinful nature. This is a key point in the doctrine of original sin, which posits that all humans are born with an inherent tendency to sin.

so also through the obedience
The word "obedience" is translated from the Greek "ὑπακοή" (hypakoē), which means compliance or submission to authority. This refers to the obedience of Jesus Christ, particularly His willingness to fulfill God's redemptive plan through His life, death, and resurrection. This obedience is seen as the antidote to Adam's disobedience, offering a path to righteousness.

of the one man
Here, the "one man" refers to Jesus Christ, drawing a parallel to Adam. Just as Adam's actions had universal implications, so do Christ's. This highlights the concept of Christ as the "second Adam," a theological term that underscores His role in restoring what was lost through Adam's fall.

the many will be made righteous
The future tense "will be made" (Greek "κατασταθήσονται," katastathēsontai) indicates a promise and a hope for transformation. "Righteous" (Greek "δίκαιοι," dikaioi) refers to being in right standing with God. This phrase encapsulates the essence of the Gospel message: through faith in Christ, believers are justified and granted righteousness, not by their own merit, but through the redemptive work of Jesus. This promise is central to Christian hope and assurance, offering a future where believers are restored to a right relationship with God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Adam
The first man created by God, whose disobedience in the Garden of Eden led to the fall of humanity and the introduction of sin into the world.

2. Jesus Christ
The Son of God, whose obedience unto death on the cross provides the means for humanity's justification and righteousness.

3. Garden of Eden
The place where Adam's disobedience occurred, resulting in the fall of man.

4. The Cross
The event and place where Jesus' obedience was fully realized, offering redemption to mankind.

5. Humanity
Represented by "the many," who are affected by both Adam's disobedience and Christ's obedience.

Teaching Points

The Impact of One Man's Actions
Adam's disobedience had a profound impact on all of humanity, illustrating the far-reaching consequences of sin.

The Power of Obedience
Jesus' obedience demonstrates the transformative power of aligning with God's will, offering redemption and righteousness to many.

The Role of Choice
Both Adam and Jesus made choices with significant outcomes, reminding us of the importance of our daily decisions in following God's path.

Righteousness Through Faith
Just as sin entered through one man, righteousness is available through faith in Jesus Christ, emphasizing the grace of God.

Living in Obedience
As followers of Christ, we are called to live in obedience, reflecting His righteousness in our lives and impacting those around us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding Adam's disobedience help us comprehend the nature of sin and its consequences in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we emulate Christ's obedience in our daily walk with God?

3. How does the concept of being "made righteous" through Christ affect your understanding of salvation and grace?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to ensure your choices align with God's will, as demonstrated by Jesus?

5. How can the parallel between Adam and Christ in Romans 5:19 deepen our appreciation for the redemptive work of Jesus?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 3
Describes the disobedience of Adam and Eve, which brought sin into the world, setting the stage for the need for redemption.

Philippians 2:8
Highlights Christ's obedience, even to the point of death on a cross, underscoring His role in making many righteous.

1 Corinthians 15:22
Draws a parallel between Adam and Christ, explaining how in Adam all die, but in Christ, all will be made alive.

Hebrews 5:8-9
Discusses how Jesus learned obedience through suffering and became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey Him.

Isaiah 53:11
Prophesies about the righteous servant (Christ) who will justify many by bearing their iniquities.