Ar of Moab is a significant location mentioned in the Old Testament, primarily within the context of Israel's wilderness wanderings and interactions with the Moabites. The city of Ar is referenced as a central city in the land of Moab, an ancient kingdom located east of the Dead Sea, in what is now modern-day Jordan.

Biblical References:

1. Numbers 21:15 · The earliest mention of Ar of Moab is found in the poetic passage describing the journey of the Israelites: "The slopes of the wadis that extend to the site of Ar and lie along the border of Moab." This verse highlights Ar's geographical significance as a landmark during Israel's travels.

2. Numbers 21:28 · The city is again mentioned in the context of a prophecy against Moab: "For a fire has gone out from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon; it consumed Ar of Moab, the lords of the high places of the Arnon." This passage underscores the city's vulnerability and the judgment pronounced upon it.

3. Deuteronomy 2:9 · The Lord instructs the Israelites regarding their conduct towards Moab: "Then the LORD said to me, 'Do not harass the Moabites or provoke them to war, for I will not give you any of their land. I have given Ar to the descendants of Lot as a possession.'" This command reflects the divine allocation of territories and the respect for Moab's boundaries as descendants of Lot.

4. Isaiah 15:1 · The prophet Isaiah delivers an oracle concerning Moab: "An oracle concerning Moab: Ar in Moab is ruined, destroyed in a night! Kir in Moab is ruined, destroyed in a night!" This prophecy foretells the sudden and complete devastation of Ar, emphasizing the city's importance and the severity of its downfall.

Historical and Geographical Context:

Ar of Moab was strategically located near the Arnon River, which served as a natural boundary between Moab and the Amorites. The city's position made it a critical point of control and influence in the region. Moab itself was a nation descended from Lot, Abraham's nephew, and often had a tumultuous relationship with Israel, marked by both conflict and kinship.

Theological Significance:

From a theological perspective, Ar of Moab serves as a testament to God's sovereignty over nations and His faithfulness to His promises. The instructions given to Israel regarding Moab highlight God's respect for His covenant with Lot's descendants, while the prophecies against Moab, including the destruction of Ar, demonstrate the consequences of turning away from God.

Ar of Moab, therefore, is not only a geographical location but also a symbol of divine justice and mercy, illustrating the broader narrative of God's dealings with the nations surrounding Israel.