The garments for the priests, as detailed in the Old Testament, hold significant theological and symbolic importance within the biblical narrative. These garments were not merely functional but were designed to reflect the holiness and consecration required of those serving in the presence of God. The instructions for these garments are primarily found in the Book of Exodus, specifically in chapters 28 and 39.

Biblical Description and Components

The priestly garments were divinely ordained, with specific instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The garments were to be made by skilled craftsmen, filled with the Spirit of wisdom, to ensure they met the standards set by God. The primary components of the high priest's attire included:

1. The Ephod: The ephod was a richly embroidered garment made of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen. It was worn over the priest's robe and had two onyx stones on the shoulders, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. "And you shall make the ephod of gold, of blue and purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely spun linen, the work of a skilled craftsman" (Exodus 28:6).

2. The Breastpiece of Judgment: This was a square, ornate piece attached to the ephod, containing twelve stones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel. It also held the Urim and Thummim, used for discerning God's will. "Fashion a breastpiece for making decisions—the work of a skilled craftsman. Make it like the ephod: of gold, of blue and purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely spun linen" (Exodus 28:15).

3. The Robe of the Ephod: This robe was entirely blue and had pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn on its hem, interspersed with golden bells. The sound of the bells was to be heard when the high priest entered and exited the Holy Place, signifying his presence before the Lord. "You are to make the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth" (Exodus 28:31).

4. The Turban and the Plate of Pure Gold: The high priest wore a turban with a gold plate inscribed with "Holy to the LORD." This signified the consecration of the priest to God. "Make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it as on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD" (Exodus 28:36).

5. The Tunic, Sash, and Undergarments: The tunic was a long, white linen garment worn under the ephod. The sash was intricately woven, and the undergarments were made of linen to cover the priest's nakedness, ensuring modesty and purity. "Make tunics, sashes, and headbands for Aaron’s sons, to give them glory and splendor" (Exodus 28:40).

Symbolism and Significance

The priestly garments symbolized purity, holiness, and the glory of God. Each element of the attire had a specific purpose and meaning, reflecting the priest's role as a mediator between God and the people of Israel. The use of precious materials and intricate designs underscored the sacredness of the priestly office.

The garments also served as a constant reminder of the covenant between God and Israel, with the high priest bearing the names of the tribes on his shoulders and over his heart, symbolizing his intercessory role. The bells on the robe ensured that the priest was always heard in the presence of God, emphasizing the importance of reverence and obedience.

New Testament Fulfillment

In the New Testament, the priestly garments find their ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, the Great High Priest. Hebrews 4:14-16 speaks of Jesus as the one who has passed through the heavens, offering Himself as the perfect sacrifice. The garments, with their emphasis on holiness and mediation, point to Christ's role in reconciling humanity to God.

The priestly garments, therefore, are not only a historical and religious artifact but also a profound theological symbol pointing to the greater reality of Christ's priesthood and the call to holiness for all believers.