The term "Governor under King Aretas" refers to a political figure mentioned in the New Testament, specifically in the context of the Apostle Paul's experiences. This governor served under King Aretas IV, who was the ruler of the Nabatean Kingdom from approximately 9 BC to AD 40. Aretas IV is historically recognized for his influence and control over the region of Nabatea, which included parts of modern-day Jordan, Syria, and Saudi Arabia.

The biblical reference to the governor under King Aretas is found in 2 Corinthians 11:32-33 , where the Apostle Paul recounts an incident during his early ministry: "In Damascus, the governor under King Aretas secured the city of the Damascenes in order to arrest me. But I was lowered in a basket through a window in the wall and escaped his grasp."

This passage highlights a significant moment in Paul's life, illustrating the challenges and persecutions he faced as he spread the Gospel. The governor's attempt to arrest Paul indicates the political tensions and opposition that early Christians encountered. The city of Damascus, where this event took place, was a key location in the ancient world, serving as a major trade and cultural center.

The involvement of a Nabatean governor in Damascus suggests a complex political landscape. During this period, the Nabatean Kingdom had a degree of autonomy but was also under the influence of the Roman Empire. The presence of a Nabatean governor in Damascus implies that the city was, at least temporarily, under Nabatean control or influence, possibly due to political arrangements or conflicts with Rome.

King Aretas IV himself is a notable historical figure. He is known for his conflicts with Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, which are also alluded to in the New Testament. The animosity between Aretas and Herod was partly due to Herod's divorce from Aretas' daughter, which led to a military conflict that Aretas won. This victory over Herod Antipas is mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus, providing a broader historical context for the political dynamics of the time.

The account of Paul's escape from Damascus underlines the providential care and guidance he experienced throughout his ministry. Despite the governor's efforts to capture him, Paul was able to continue his mission, spreading the message of Christ across the Roman world. This episode serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of early Christian leaders in the face of adversity.