Hazael, a significant figure in the Old Testament, was the king of Aram (modern-day Syria) who reigned during the 9th century BC. His account is primarily documented in the books of 1 Kings and 2 Kings, where he is depicted as a formidable adversary to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

Anointed by God’s Command

Hazael's rise to power was foretold by the prophet Elijah. In 1 Kings 19:15-17, God instructed Elijah to anoint Hazael as king over Aram: "Then the LORD said to him: 'Go back the way you came, and go to the Desert of Damascus. When you arrive, you are to anoint Hazael as king over Aram.'" This divine directive underscores the sovereignty of God in the affairs of nations, using even foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes.

Assassination of Ben-Hadad

Hazael's ascent to the throne involved the assassination of his predecessor, Ben-Hadad II. In 2 Kings 8:7-15, the prophet Elisha traveled to Damascus, where Ben-Hadad lay ill. The king sent Hazael to inquire of Elisha whether he would recover. Elisha's response was cryptic, indicating that while the illness was not fatal, Ben-Hadad would indeed die. Elisha wept, foreseeing the harm Hazael would inflict on Israel. Hazael returned to Ben-Hadad and reported that he would recover, but the next day, Hazael suffocated the king and seized the throne.

Military Campaigns Against Israel

Hazael's reign was marked by aggressive military campaigns against Israel. He was a persistent threat to the northern kingdom, as recorded in 2 Kings 10:32-33: "In those days the LORD began to reduce the size of Israel. Hazael defeated the Israelites throughout their territory." His campaigns extended into the territories of Gilead, Bashan, and the Transjordan, demonstrating his military prowess and ambition.

Conflict with Judah

Hazael also posed a threat to the southern kingdom of Judah. In 2 Kings 12:17-18, he attacked Jerusalem during the reign of King Jehoash. To avert the destruction of the city, Jehoash surrendered the treasures of the temple and the royal palace to Hazael. This incident highlights the extent of Hazael's influence and the fear he instilled in neighboring kingdoms.

Legacy and Prophetic Fulfillment

Hazael's reign fulfilled the prophetic words spoken by Elisha, who foresaw the devastation Hazael would bring upon Israel. In 2 Kings 13:3, the LORD's anger burned against Israel, and He delivered them into the hands of Hazael and his son Ben-Hadad. Despite his role as an instrument of judgment, Hazael's actions were ultimately under the providential control of God, who used him to discipline His people.

Hazael's legacy is one of both political acumen and ruthless ambition. His impact on the history of Israel and Judah is a testament to the complex interplay of divine sovereignty and human agency in the biblical narrative. His account serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the instruments He may use to bring about His divine purposes.