Jannes and Jambres are traditionally identified as the magicians who opposed Moses during the events leading up to the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. Although their names are not mentioned in the Old Testament, they are referenced in the New Testament, specifically in the Second Epistle to Timothy.

Biblical Reference:

The primary biblical reference to Jannes and Jambres is found in 2 Timothy 3:8 : "Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so also these men oppose the truth. They are depraved in mind and disqualified from the faith."

Historical and Traditional Context:

The names Jannes and Jambres are not found in the Hebrew Bible but are preserved in Jewish tradition and extra-biblical literature. They are often identified with the Egyptian magicians who challenged Moses and Aaron in the court of Pharaoh, as described in the Book of Exodus. In Exodus 7:11-12 , it is recorded: "Then Pharaoh also summoned wise men and sorcerers, and the magicians of Egypt, and they also did the same things by their magic arts. Each one threw down his staff, and it became a serpent. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs."

Jewish Tradition:

Jewish tradition, including the Targums and other rabbinic literature, expands on the roles of Jannes and Jambres. They are often depicted as prominent magicians in Pharaoh's court who attempted to replicate the miracles performed by Moses and Aaron. Their failure to match the divine power of God, as demonstrated through Moses, serves as a testament to the superiority of God's authority over human and demonic powers.

New Testament Context:

In 2 Timothy, the Apostle Paul uses Jannes and Jambres as examples of individuals who resist the truth and are corrupt in their thinking. This reference serves as a warning to Timothy about false teachers and those who oppose the gospel. The mention of Jannes and Jambres highlights the ongoing spiritual battle between truth and deception, a theme prevalent throughout the Scriptures.

Theological Significance:

The account of Jannes and Jambres underscores the futility of opposing God's will. Their account illustrates the limitations of human wisdom and power when confronted with divine authority. It also serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness and discernment in the face of false teachings and spiritual deception.

Cultural Impact:

The account of Jannes and Jambres has permeated various cultural and religious texts beyond the Bible. They are mentioned in apocryphal writings and have been subjects of interest in early Christian and Jewish literature. Their legacy as symbols of opposition to God's truth continues to be a point of reflection for believers seeking to understand the nature of spiritual conflict and the triumph of divine truth.Jannes and Jambres

JANNES AND JAMBRES

jan'-ez, jam'-brez (Iannes kai Iambres, 2 Timothy 3:8):

1. Egyptian Magicians:

These are the names of two magicians in ancient Egypt, who withstood Moses before Pharaoh. This is the only place where the names occur in the New Testament, and they are not mentioned in the Old Testament at all. In Exodus 7:11, 22 Egyptian magicians are spoken of, who were called upon by Pharaoh to oppose Moses and Aaron: "Then Pharaoh also called for the wise men and the sorcerers: and they also, the magicians of Egypt, did in like manner with their enchantments." Jannes and Jambres were evidently two of the persons referred to in this passage. It should be observed that the word translated here "magicians" occurs also in Genesis 41:8 in connection with Pharaoh's dreams: Pharaoh "sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof." the Revised Version margin reads for "magicians" "or sacred scribes." The Hebrew word is charTummim, and means sacred scribes who were skilled in the sacred writing, that is in the hieroglyphics; they were a variety of Egyptian priests. Jannes and Jambres were doubtless members of one or other of the various classes spoken of in the passages in Exodus and Genesis, the wise men, the sorcerers, and the magicians or sacred scribes.

2. Mentioned by Pliny and Others:

Jannes and Jambres, one or both, are also mentioned by Pliny (23-79 A.D.), by Apuleius (circa 130 A.D.), both of whom speak of Moses and Jannes as famous magicians of antiquity. The Pythagorean philosopher Numenius (2nd century A.D.) speaks of Jannes and Jambres as Egyptian hierogrammateis, or sacred scribes.

3. Traditions:

There are many curious Jewish traditions regarding Jannes and Jambres. These traditions, which are found in the Targum and elsewhere, are full of contradictions and impossibilities and anachronisms. They are to the effect that Jannes and Jambres were sons of Balaam, the soothsayer of Pethor. Notwithstanding this impossibility in the matter of date, they were said to have withstood Moses 40 years previously at the court of Pharaoh, to whom it was also said, they so interpreted a dream of that king, as to foretell the birth of Moses and cause the oppression of the Israelites. They are also said to have become proselytes, and it is added that they left Egypt at the Exodus, among the mixed multitude. They are reported to have instigated Aaron to make the golden calf. The traditions of their death are also given in a varying fashion. They were said to have been drowned in the Red Sea, or to have been put to death after the making of the golden calf, or during the slaughter connected with the name of Phinehas.

4. Origen's Statement:

According to Origen (Comm. on Matthew 27:8) there was an apocryphal book-not yet rediscovered-called "The Book of Jannes and Jambres." Origen's statement is that in 2 Timothy 3:8 Paul is quoting from that book.

5. Derivation:

In the Targumic literature "Mambres" occurs as a variant reading instead of "Jambres." It is thought that Jambres is derived from an Aramaic root, meaning "to oppose," the participle of which would be Mambres. The meaning of either form is "he who opposes." Jannes is perhaps a corruption of Ioannes or Iohannes (John).

John Rutherfurd

The Connexion of Christianity with the Jewish History.
... Saint Paul, in his Second Epistle to Timothy, has this similitude: "Now, as Jannes
and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth." These names ...
/.../paley/evidences of christianity/chapter iii the connexion of.htm

And one Nicodemus, a Jew, Stood Before the Procurator...
... And there were there Jannes and Jambres, servants of Pharaoh, and they also did
not a few of the miracles which Moses did; and the Egyptians took them to be ...
/.../unknown/the gospel of nicodemus /chapter 5 and one nicodemus.htm

On the Diversity of Spiritual Gifts.
... dead who were raised. [3561] The one was resisted by Jannes and Jambres,
the other by Annas and Caiaphas. [3562] Thus signs do not ...
/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec i on the diversity of.htm

"Is the Spirit of the Lord Straitened?"
... If the Holy Ghost be not with you, you are like Jannes and Jambres, attempting to
work a miracle without Jehovah's aid; and you will be baffled, and detected ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 37 1891/is the spirit of the.htm

Elucidation.
... other than apocryphal than St. Paul's reference to Jannes and Jambres makes
Scripture of the Targum. The apostle Jude does, indeed ...
//christianbookshelf.org/tertullian/on the apparel of women/elucidation.htm

Persecution Every Christian's Lot
... Now, as Jannes and Jambres (two of the Egyptian magicians) withstood Moses (by working
sham miracles) so do they also resist the truth; and (notwithstanding ...
/.../selected sermons of george whitefield/persecution every christians lot.htm

A God-Fearing Jew, Therefore, Nicodemus by Name, Stood up in the ...
... Then Pharoah had also two magicians, Jannes and Jambres; and they also did
miracles by the use of magic art, but not such as Moses did. ...
/.../unknown/the gospel of nicodemus /chapter 5 a god-fearing jew.htm

Conclusion
... In each succeeding age there has been a Cain for every Abel; a Jannes and
Jambres for every Moses and every John the Baptist. It ...
//christianbookshelf.org/pink/the antichrist/conclusion.htm

2 Timothy iii. 7-Jan
... that in the last days perilous times shall come." And this he pronounces not only
from the future, but from the past; "As Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses ...
/.../homily vii 2 timothy iii.htm

Celsus Appears to Me to have Heard that There are Treatises in ...
... may state on another occasion. He relates also the account respecting Moses,
and Jannes, and Jambres. [3923] But we are not elated ...
/.../origen/origen against celsus/chapter li celsus appears to.htm

What does it mean to have a reprobate mind? | GotQuestions.org

What are false apostles? | GotQuestions.org

What is the significance of Egypt in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

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